破解虚拟语气+20170524长难句每日一句
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【昨日长难句】
This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth.
然而,这不过是对某一精妙观点的本能回应。每一个环境,无论多么恶劣,都为成长提供了一次独特的机遇。
【今日长难句】
If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed.
语音讲解
【结构解析】
该句整体较为简单,采用顺序翻译即可。所以,大家今天就权当放松吧!if引导条件状语从句,主句为主谓结构。
此外,该句涉及“虚拟语气“的语法现象。(见后文)
【词的处理】
circumstance / ˈsə:kəmstəns/ n. 条件, 环境
determine / diˈtə:min/ 决定;查明
prospect / ˈprɔspekt/ 前景;可能性
humanity / hju:ˈmænəti / 人类
progress / ˈprəuɡres/ 进步,进展
【参考译文】
If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed.
如果环境总是决定人的生活和前途,那么人类将永远不会进步。
【明日预告】
In fat, circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been "wronged" then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.
【虚拟语气】
虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。
一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断
1、可以把条件句分为两类:
1).真实条件句(Sentences of Real Condition):凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句。
例如:
If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话,我们就一起去钓鱼。)
2).虚拟条件句(Sentences of Unreal Condition):当假设是不大可能实现时,就是虚拟条件句。
例如:
If you had come to Sanlitun yesterday, you would have seen Mr .Sky.假如他昨天来三里屯的话,就会看到天君玉皇大帝了。
二、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况:即对现在、过去和将来的假设
【对现在情况的假设】表示说话时不存在或与事实相反的情况.形式:If+主语+did/were(谓语动词使用一般过去式,be动词使用were),主语+should/ would /could +do.
例句:
If you knew English well,you would be able to talk with foreigners freely.
If I were Yinyan , I would have married Li Shanglong. 如果我是尹延的话,就嫁给李尚龙了。
【对过去情况的假设】表示与过去事实相反的情况.形式:if+主语+had done/ been,主语+should/would /could+have done.
例句:If I had not studied hard ,I might have failed in the exam.(事实是我通过考试了)
【对将来情况的假设】表示将来实现可能性不大的情况.形式:if+主语+did/were to do /should do,主语+should /would /could do.
例句:
If he should change his mind,what would we do?
If I were to have an opportunity to be a girl, I would fall in with Shi Leipeng.
【if的省略】
在正式文体中,有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,这时从句需要采用倒装语序,即:将were,had,should等助动词提到主语前面,主句不做任何变化.
例句:Should it rain tomorrow,we would staly at home.
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