练完这句，搞定定语从句的翻译（20181025）

Never give up any opportunity to make progress!

We, never met, always love in mind!

【昨日回顾】

A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.

一位名叫B.F.史基纳的行为主义者认为人类是行为模式完全是由周围环境塑造的生物。行为主义者坚信，人像机器一样，对环境的刺激作出反应，这是他们行为的基础。

【今日长难句】

Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

【句子分析】

1. 句子主干为“主谓宾”结构= behaviorists +suggest +that 引导的宾语从句

2. 宾语从句的主干为“主谓宾”结构= the child +will experience + greater intellectual development.

3. 修饰成分：who is raised in an environment 为定语从句，修饰the child； where there are many stimuli 为定语从句，修饰environment；which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses. 为定语从句，修饰stimuli

【基础必备词】

raise vt. 提高；筹集；养育

stimuli n. 刺激；刺激物；促进因素（stimulus的复数）

capacity n. 能力；容量；资格，

appropriate adj. 适当的；恰当的；合适的

responses n. 响应；反应；回答

intellectual adj. 智力的；聪明的；

【参考译文】

Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

译文1. 行为主义者认为在有许多刺激物的环境里长大的孩子将会有更高的智力发展，因为这些刺激物能提升其做出适当反应的能力。

译文2. 行为主义者的看法是，如果儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长，而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力，那么，这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。

译文3. 行为主义者认为在有很多能提升适当反应能力的刺激物的环境里长大的孩子将会有更高的智力发展。

【定语从句的理解/翻译】

首先，逐字翻译是大忌！

定语从句的翻译主要有两种方法：

1. 当定语从句较短时译为：“。。。的”结构；

2. 当定语从句较长时可重复先行词，单独成句，并根据意思添加适当的关系词，如参考译文1和参考译文2添加了不同的逻辑关系词，但均未正确的表达。

如果译为译文3 则全部译为“……的”结构，虽然正确，却略微拗口。

【明日预告】

The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States，blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites.