什么？现在还有贞操测试？
Virginity tests are making headlines in the United States.
贞操测试最近在美国成为了头条新闻。
In November, the rapper T.I. drew a firestorm of criticism after he said during a podcast interview that he requires his 18-year-old daughter to undergo an annual virginity test with her gynecologist.
去年11月，说唱歌手T.I.在一次播客采访中说，他要求18岁的女儿每年接受一次妇科医生的贞操检查，这一言论招致了猛烈的批评。
T.I. later explained that the comments were made in a joking manner in an interviewhe did with Jada Pinkett Smith.
T.I.后来解释说，这些评论是在与贾达·萍克特·史密斯的一次访谈中以开玩笑的方式说的。
But his initial remarks have had an impact.
但他最初的言论已经产生了影响。
Even though T.I. himself is from Atlanta, lawmakers in the New York State Assembly are responding to the matter of virginity tests.
尽管T.I.本人来自亚特兰大，但纽约州议会的立法者们正在对贞操测试问题做出回应。
Last week legislation was introduced to bar doctors from performing such examinations, which are widely discredited by medical professionals.
上周出台了一项立法，禁止医生进行此类检查，这类检查受到了医学专业人士的广泛质疑。
And the tests are, in fact, a global issue.
事实上，这些测试是一个全球性的问题。
Virginity tests have been documented in at least 20 countries around the world, including Egypt, Indonesia and South Africa.
世界上至少有20个国家存在贞操测试，包括埃及、印度尼西亚和南非。
And according to the U.N., increased globalization in the past century has resulted in requests for and cases of virginity testing in countries that had no previous history of the practice, for example, Belgium, the Netherlands and the U.K.
根据联合国的说法在过去的一个世纪里，全球化的发展使得一些没有贞操历史的国家也开始提出了这方面的要求和案例，例如比利时、荷兰和英国。
The test is administered for a variety of reasons: to determine whether a woman can go to school, get married, get a job — or whether she is a victim of rape.
实施这项测试的原因多种多样:为了确定一个女人是否可以上学、结婚、找工作——或者她是否是强奸的受害者。
According to the U.N., virginity tests are often performed by inspecting the hymen for tears or for the size of its opening, or inserting fingers into the vagina, to determine whether a girl or woman has had sex.
根据联合国的报告，在美国，贞操测试通常是通过检查处女膜的裂口或裂口的大小，或将手指插入阴道来确定一个女孩或女人是否发生过性行为。
WHO states that there is no evidence that the test can prove that a person has had vaginal intercourse or not.
世界卫生组织称并没有切实的证据表明这些测试可以证明一个人是否有过性行为。
In Afghanistan, reproductive rights activist Farhad Javid has been trying to free girls and women who have been jailed for failing a virginity test.
在阿富汗，生育权利活动家法哈德·贾维德一直试图解救因未通过贞操测试而入狱的女孩和妇女。
In 2018, he met with the president Ashraf Ghani and his wife, first lady Rula Ghani, to request the release of some 190 women and girls who who were jailed in the country's Balkh province for failing a virginity test.
2018年，他会见了总统阿什拉夫·加尼和他的妻子，第一夫人鲁拉·加尼，请求释放约190名妇女和女孩，这些人因未通过贞操测试而被监禁在巴尔克省。
In Afghanistan, premarital sex is considered a moral crime.
在阿富汗，婚前性行为被认为是一种道德犯罪。
Javid is the Islamic policy adviser for Marie Stopes U.S., a global family planning organization. He told the Ghanis that virginity tests are unscientific and medically unnecessary.
贾维德是全球计划生育组织Marie Stopes u.s.的伊斯兰政策顾问，他告诉加尼说贞操测试是不科学的，从医学上来说也是不必要的。
The U.N. called for a ban in 2018.
联合国2018年时开始呼吁禁止这项测试。
He also told the couple that he had visited the women in jail several times and that they were suffering.
他还告诉这对夫妇，他曾几次去监狱看望这两名女子，她们都很痛苦。
That meeting with the Ghanis was supposed to be 30 minutes but lasted two hours, says Javid, who spoke to us from Kabul in August.
贾维德8月份在喀布尔对我们说，与加尼夫妇的会面本应是30分钟，但持续了两个小时。
"She wanted to listen," he says of the first lady.
“她很想要听下去，”他这样评价第一夫人。
In January, Rula Ghani and her team traveled to Mazar-i-Sharif, where the prison is located.
今年1月，鲁拉·加尼和她的团队前往马扎里沙里夫监狱所在地。
There, she met with some of the prisoners and with the director of women's affairs in Balkh province.
在那里，她会见了一些囚犯和巴尔赫省的妇女事务主任。
The first lady made a commitment to find a way to help, Javid says.
贾维德说，第一夫人承诺要想办法提供帮助。
"Her visit was effective, because the girls were released," Javid says.
贾维德说:“她的探访很有效，因为女孩们都被释放了。”
“Between January and April, the 190 prisoners were freed. But his work is not over. Shortly after the prisoners were released from Mazar-i-Sharif, one girl was jailed. "They're still bringing girls under the name of this issue into this prison," he says.
“今年1月至4月，190名囚犯获释。但他的工作还没有结束。在这些囚犯从马扎里沙里夫获释后不久，又有一名女孩被关进了监狱。他们仍然以这个问题的名义把女孩们关进监狱，”他说。
Around Afghanistan, families are still bringing in unmarried daughters to clinics and hospitals for virginity tests.
在阿富汗各地，许多家庭仍然在把未婚女儿带到诊所和医院进行贞操测试。
If the girls fail the test, some families alert the police.
如果女孩测试不及格，一些家庭就会报警。
And law enforcement still imprisons those girls.
执法部门仍在监禁这些女孩 。
问题：
文中提到了哪个国家的总统和第一夫人？
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