初中英语知识点:不定代词

  不定代词:

  即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。

  初中常用不定代词有:

  some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone), no(nothing,nobody,no one),

  every(everything,everybody,everyone,),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),

  another,none,one,either, neither等。一般来讲,修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。

  不定代词用法例举:

  ①一般用于肯定句中的不定代词:some, someone, somebody, something

  例如:They can speak some Japanese.

  ②一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中的不定代词:any, anyone, anybody, anything

  例如:Is there anyone at home?

  ③一般用于句中表示否定意义的不定代词:no, no one, nobody, nothing

  例如:I have no watch.

  There is nothing wrong with the machine.

  ④不定代词one指代可数名词,既可指人,亦可指物,它可以代替上文中出现的单数可数

  名词,指代复数名词时可以用ones。

  例如:I do not have a pen, can you lend me one?

  I like small cars better than large ones.

  ⑤none通常只用作名词,在句中作主语、宾语等。意为“没有任何(人或物)”,既可指人,亦可指物。

  none后常跟of短语,其后用复数可数名词或不可数名词。

  例如:None of them knows the answer to the question.

  ⑥both, all

  both指两个人、物或群体;

  all指三个以上的人、物或群体或泛指一切事物。

  例如:My parents are both teachers.

  All of my friends are football fans.

  ⑦every, each

  each一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个别;

  every用于指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重全体。而且each所指对象在上下文中已十分明确。

  例如:Each student went to see that films. (学生至少二人)

  Every student went to the park.(学生至少三人)

  ⑧other, the other, others, the others, another

  other具有名词和形容词性质,既可指人,亦可指物。other常与定冠词the连用。

  不定冠词an与other连用则组成another。other只作形容词或代词,表示“其他的,别的”,不可单独使用。

  例如:Do you have any other questions?

  the other作形容词或代词,特指两者中或两部分的另一个或另一部分。

  例如:The bookshop is on the other side of the street.

  others相当于“other+名词”,泛指“别的人或物”,只有名词性用法。

  例如:Some are planting trees, others are watering them.

  the others相当于“the other+名词”,表示“剩下的,其余的”,特指除此之外的全部 人或物。

  例如:There are forty-six students in our class. Two of them are foreign, the others are all Chinese.

  another作形容词或代词,泛指三个或三个以上不定数目中的“另一个”。

  例如:This pen is too expensive, please show me another.

  ⑨either, neither

  either指“两者中的任何一个”;neither指“两者中无一”,具有否定意义。

  例如:You can take either half.

  Neither of the books is good.

  ⑩many, much, most

  many和much具有名词和形容词的性质,都表示“许多、大量”。

  Much一般只能指代或修饰不可数名词,many只能指代或修饰复数可数名词。Most指“大部分、大多数”。

  例如:Many boys like playing soccer.

  We have much homework to do every day.

  Most students think so.

  (11)few, a few, little, a little

  a few 和a little 意为“少数、少量”,其意义是肯定的。

  A few指代或修饰复数形式的可数名词,a little指代或修饰不可数名词。

  Few 和little意为“几乎一点没有”,具有否定意义。

  例如:He has a few friends here.

  Hurry up! There is little time left.

  不定代词的用法:

  不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。

  位置

  不定代词+形容词

  不定代词+to do

  作主语

  Both of them are teachers.他们两人都是教师。

  作宾语

  I know nothing about this person.我对这个人一无所知。

  作表语

  This book is too much for a child.这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。

  作定语

  There is a little water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。

  作状语

  I can't find my book anywhere.我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。

  修饰不定代词的词,一般情况下要后置。

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