剑指offer之按层打印树节点

1 问题

按层打印树节点,比如我们有树如下

                    2
                 3    5
               1  4  2  3

这样打印:2 3 5 1 4 2 3

2 分析

队列:先进后出,这里我们先打印2,然后再打印3和5,我们这里可以使用队列,我们先把2入队列,然后我们需要弹出这2节点,先打印队列最前面的节点,然后再把这个节点的的左右节点都入队列,然后再弹出最前面的节点,也就是3了,打印出来了就要弹出这个节点,我们希望下次弹出来最前面的节点才是我们需要打印的,然后再一次把这个弹出的节点左右节点分别入队列,以次类推,然后循环的条件是队列为空。

3 代码实现

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

typedef struct Node
{
    int value;
    struct Node* left;
    struct Node* right;
} Node;

void layer_print(Node *head)
{
    if (head == NULL)
    {
       std::cout << "head is NULL" << std::endl;
       return;
    }
    std::queue<Node *> queue;
    queue.push(head);
    while(queue.size())
    {
        Node *node = queue.front();
        std::cout << node->value << std::endl;
        queue.pop();
        if (node->left)
            queue.push(node->left);
        if (node->right)
            queue.push(node->right);
    }
}

int main()
{
    /*              2
     *           3    5
     *         1  4  2  3
     *
     */
    Node head1, node1, node2, node3, node4, node5, node6;
    Node head2, node7, node8;
    head1.value = 2;
    node1.value = 3;
    node2.value = 5;
    node3.value = 1;
    node4.value = 4;
    node5.value = 2;
    node6.value = 3;

    head1.left = &node1;
    head1.right = &node2;

    node1.left = &node3;
    node1.right = &node4;

    node2.left = &node5;
    node2.right = &node6;

    node3.left = NULL;
    node3.right = NULL;
    node4.left = NULL;
    node4.right = NULL;
    node5.left = NULL;
    node5.right = NULL;
    node6.left = NULL;
    node6.right = NULL;

    layer_print(&head1);
    return 0;
}

4 运行结果

2
3
5
1
4
2
3
(0)

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