骨科英文书籍精读（302）｜膝关节韧带损伤的影像表现

我们正在精读国外经典骨科书籍《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》，想要对于骨科英文形成系统认识，为以后无障碍阅读英文文献打下基础，请持续关注。

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Imaging

Plain x-rays may show that the ligament has avulsed a small piece of bone:

· from the medial edge of the femur by the medial ligament

· from the fibula by the lateral ligament

· from the tip of the fibula, probably by a postero-lateral corner injury

· from the tibial spine by the anterior cruciate ligament

· from the back of the upper tibia by the posterior cruciate

· from the near edge of the lateral tibial condyle by the iliotibial tract or capsule (a Segond fracture, which is often associated with anterior cruciate ligament and meniscal injuries).

Stress films (if necessary under anaesthesia) show whether the joint hinges open on one side (Fig. 30.3).

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is helpful in distinguishing partial from complete ligament tears.This may also reveal ‘bone bruising’, a hitherto poorly recognized source of pain.

---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》

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重点词汇整理：

avulse/əˈvʌls/v. 抽出；撕裂，撕脱

iliotibial 髂胫的

hinge /hɪndʒ/n. 铰链，折叶；关键，转折点；枢要，中枢v. 用铰链连接；依…为转移；给…安装铰链；（门等）装有蝶铰

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)磁共振成像

hitherto /ˌhɪðərˈtuː/adv. 迄今；至今

bone bruising骨挫伤(骨髓水肿)

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百度翻译：

成像

普通x光片可能显示韧带撕裂了一小块骨头：

·从股骨内侧边缘到内侧韧带

·腓骨外侧韧带

·从腓骨尖，可能是后外侧角受伤

·通过前交叉韧带从胫骨脊柱

·从后交叉韧带的胫骨上部背面

·通过髂胫束或关节囊（Segond骨折，通常与前交叉韧带和半月板损伤有关）从胫骨外侧髁的近边缘开始。

应力片（如麻醉下需要）显示关节铰链是否在一侧打开（图30.3）。

磁共振成像（MRI）有助于区分部分韧带和完全韧带撕裂。这个可能还揭示了“骨挫伤”，一种迄今为止还不太为人所知的疼痛来源。

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