好莱坞影史上最浪漫的一吻竟然与“鬼”有关!
汉典中对“鬼”的定义是这样的:
某些宗教或迷信的人所说的人死后的灵魂
而从“鬼”字的构成来看,属象形文字:
汉仪小篆体鬼字
甲骨文字形里,下面是个“人”字,上面象一个可怕的脑袋(非“田”字),是人们想象中的似人非人的怪物。字形下部像人形,说明鬼是人死后变成的,头部特大而且怪异,令人心生恐惧。“鬼”是汉字部首之一,从“鬼”的字大多与迷信、鬼神有关。
甲骨文体鬼字
科学研究表明,鬼魂只存在于人们的大脑里,科学家经过大规模科学调查后,得出结论:“鬼”是不存在的,“闹鬼”都是环境和心理作用造成。
且不论科学与迷信,“鬼”文化却是实实在在存在着的,而且,“鬼”文化并没有随着时代的变迁而消亡,而是一直以不同的方式和形式传承着。
英语国家的文化里,就有着比重不小的“鬼”文化。不说别的,且说关于“鬼”的英语词汇就非常之丰富。下面我们就来看看下面这些较为常见的“鬼”单词:
英文单词 | 英文释义 | 中文意思 |
ghost | A ghost is the spirit of a dead person that someone believes they can see or feel. | 鬼魂;幽灵 |
spirit | A spirit is a ghost or supernatural being. | 鬼魂;精灵 |
demon | A demon is an evil spirit. | 魔鬼;恶魔 |
devil | A devil is an evil spirit. | 魔鬼;撒旦 |
phantom | A phantom is a ghost. | 幻影;幽灵 |
shadow | A shadow is a ghost | 幽灵;鬼 |
soul | Your soul is the part of you that consists of your mind, character, thoughts, and feelings. Many people believe that your soul continues existing after your body is dead. | 鬼魂;灵魂 |
specter | A specter is a ghost. Also, spectre (British English) | 幽灵;妖怪 |
vampire | A vampire is a creature in legends and horror stories. Vampires are said to come out of graves at night and suck the blood of living people. | 吸血鬼;吸血蝠 |
apparition | An apparition is someone you see or think you see but who is not really there as a physical being. | 鬼;幽灵 |
banshee | In Irish folk stories, a banshee is a female spirit who warns you by her long, sad cry that someone in your family is going to die. = banshie | 女妖精 |
daemon | A daemon is any of the secondary divinities ranking between the gods and men | 半神半人的精灵;恶魔 |
haunt | A haunt is a ghost. | 鬼;幽灵 |
kelpie | (in Scottish folklore) a water spirit in the form of a horse that drowns its riders | 马形水鬼;水魔 |
manes | the spirits of the dead, often revered as minor deities | 阴间的诸神;灵魂 |
phantasm | a phantom | 幻影;幽灵 |
poltergeist | A poltergeist is a ghost or supernatural force which is believed to move furniture or throw objects around. | 促狭鬼;吵闹鬼 |
revenant | something, esp a ghost, that returns | 幽灵;亡魂 |
shade | The shade of a dead person is their spirit, which is thought to be still alive in some way and in contact with the real world. | 幽灵;鬼 |
spook | a ghost or a person suggestive of this | 幽灵;鬼怪 |
wraith | a ghost or any apparition | 鬼魂;死灵 |
zombie | In horror stories and some religions, a zombie is a dead person who has been brought back to life. | 僵尸;行尸走肉 |
eidolon | an image without real existence; phantom; apparition | 幽灵;妖怪 |
sylph | any of a class of imaginary beings assumed to inhabit the air | 空气精灵 |
jinn | an evil spirit that can look like a human or an animal and that uses its special powers to influence people | 神灵;恶魔 |
incubus | a demon believed in folklore to lie upon sleeping persons, esp to have sexual intercourse with sleeping women | 梦淫妖 |
genie | In stories from Arabia and Persia, a genie is a spirit which appears and disappears by magic and obeys the person who controls it. | 妖怪;鬼 |
dryad | any of the nymphs living in trees | 森林的精灵 |
doppelganger | a ghostly duplicate of a living person | 幽灵;二重身(是德国传说中跟自己长相一样,看到后自己就会死的妖怪) |
以上单词并未穷尽英语中的“鬼”词汇,其实据说英语里有关“鬼”的词汇有上千个,这些词汇中除了来自英美本国的“鬼”文化之外,也汲取了世界其他各国的“鬼”文化。但仅从以上这些词汇,就已经可以端倪英语里“鬼”文化之丰富了。
摘录如此,当然不是为了宣扬“鬼”文化;只当作是英语学习漫漫长路上的一剂调味品吧!也以此来应景清明节的主题!
思维有点跳跃——
说到“鬼”电影,我脑子里首先跳出来的是好莱坞的经典爱情鬼片《人鬼情未了》,这部电影的英文名就叫:Ghost。至今难忘的是电影女主角的扮演者黛咪·摩尔(Demi Moore)在失去爱人Sam后泪眼涟涟的楚楚可人:
以及电影的主题曲《Unchained Melody》(奔放的旋律):
影片中的主角Sam和Molly的这一吻,在2002年的一次民意调查中,被选为好莱坞电影史上“最浪漫的爱情时刻”!该电影如此之感人,以至于在加拿大蒙特利尔的电影院上映该片时,每位女性观众都会有一只信封,上面注明:仅限供给女士,里面是一些手巾纸!