发酵食品：底物是最主要驱动力 | 热心肠日报
发酵食品宏基因组学揭示了在分类、健康相关和抗生素耐药性决定因素中的底物相关差异
10.1128/mSystems.00522-20
11-10, Article
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Fermented foods have been the focus of ever greater interest as a consequence of purported health benefits. Indeed, it has been suggested that consumption of these foods helps to address the negative consequences of “industrialization” of the human gut microbiota in Western society. However, as the mechanisms via which the microbes in fermented foods improve health are not understood, it is necessary to develop an understanding of the composition and functionality of the fermented-food microbiota to better harness desirable traits. Here, we considerably expand the understanding of fermented-food microbiomes by employing shotgun metagenomic sequencing to provide a comprehensive insight into the microbial composition, diversity, and functional potential (including antimicrobial resistance and carbohydrate-degrading and health-associated gene content) of a diverse range of 58 fermented foods from artisanal producers from a number of countries. Food type, i.e., dairy-, sugar-, or brine-type fermented foods, was the primary driver of microbial composition, with dairy foods found to have the lowest microbial diversity. From the combined data set, 127 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including 10 MAGs representing putatively novel species of Acetobacter, Acidisphaera, Gluconobacter, Companilactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Rouxiella, were generated. Potential health promoting attributes were more common in fermented foods than nonfermented equivalents, with water kefirs, sauerkrauts, and kvasses containing the greatest numbers of potentially health-associated gene clusters. Ultimately, this study provides the most comprehensive insight into the microbiomes of fermented foods to date and yields novel information regarding their relative health-promoting potential.
First Authors:
John Leech
Correspondence Authors:
Paul Cotter
All Authors:
John Leech,Raul Cabrera-Rubio,Aaron M Walsh,Guerrino Macori,Calum J Walsh,Wiley Barton,Laura Finnegan,Fiona Crispie,Orla O Sullivan,Marcus J Claesson,Paul Cotter