技术调查的风险和机遇

第2节（共3节）

Let’s get the context right

让我们把背景弄清楚

Importance of Resources/Reserves 

资源/储量的重要性

Project Development Stages

项目开发阶段

Project development stages – definitions 

项目开发阶段-定义

Project development stage项目开发阶段	Criterion标准
Early-stage Exploration勘探起步阶段	Mineralisation may or may not have been identified, but where Mineral Resources have not been identified. 矿化可能已圈定或未圈定，但是矿产资源还未圈定。
Advanced Exploration 初步勘探	Considerable exploration has been undertaken and specific targets identified that warrant further detailed evaluation, usually by drill testing, trenching or some other form of detailed geological sampling. A Mineral Resource estimate may or may not have been made, but sufficient work will have been undertaken on at least one prospect to provide both a good understanding of the type of mineralisation present and encouragement that further work will elevate one or more of the prospects to the Mineral Resources category. 已开展了大量的勘探工作，并圈定了特定的靶区，需要进一步详细评估，通常包括钻探测试、槽探或其他形式的详细的地质采样。矿产资源估算已进行，或尚未进行，但至少在一个勘查区进行了充分的工作，以便对当前矿化类型有一个很好的理解，同时鼓励开展进一步的工作，提升一个或多个勘查区的矿产资源类别。
Pre-development 预开发	Mineral Resources have been identified and their extent estimated (possibly incompletely), but where a decision to proceed with development has not been made. Properties at the early assessment stage, properties for which a decision has been made not to proceed with development, properties on care and maintenance and properties held on retention titles are included in this category if Mineral Resources have been identified, even if no further work is being undertaken. 矿产资源已圈定，并估算了其范围（可能不完整），但是尚未决定开发哪一区域。一旦圈定矿产资源，即使不开展进一步的工作，早期评估阶段的矿产、决定不进行开发的矿产、处于维护和保养的矿产、保留地矿产都属于这一类别。
Development 开发	A decision has been made to proceed with construction or production or both, but which are not yet commissioned or operating at design levels. Economic viability of Development Projects will be proven by at least a Pre-Feasibility Study. 已决定进行施工或生产，或两者同时进行，但尚未在设计水平上进行试生产或运营。一个开发项目的经济可行性至少需要通过预可行性研究来证实。
Production 生产	Tenure holdings – particularly mines, wellfields and processing plants – that have been commissioned and are in production. 矿产-尤其是矿山、井场和选厂-已经试运行并投入生产。

Terminology in context (JORC Code, 2012) 

术语（ JORC 标准，2012 ）

Types of study

研究类型

1	Scoping Study or Preliminary Assessment  概略研究或初步评估  –Broad brush, back of the envelope 泛泛的，粗略的 –Do not use term “Feasibility”, generally no Reserve 不使用术语“可行性”，一般没有矿石储量
2	Pre-feasibility Study预可行性研究 –Firming up on the numbers, evaluating options, identify preferred option 以数字为基础，评估各种选择，确定最佳方案
2	Feasibility Study可行性研究  –Decision to develop and/or fund 决定开发和/或投资 –Do not use term “bankable”  -assumes the study will be automatically accepted (the bank will decide!) 不使用术语“银行级”-假设该研究可被自动接受(将由银行决定！)

Amount of technical study work completed prior to mining

开采之前需完成的技术研究工作

Technical-economic study levels and cost / output accuracy  技术-经济研究水平和成本/成果准确性 –There are industry guidelines (SME, AACE, AusIMM Cost Est. Handbook) 行业指南（SME、AACE、AusIMM成本估算手册） –Actual cost accuracy is often less than expected/ forecast 实际成本准确性通常低于预期/预测

Measure / Item程度/项目	CScoping Study概略研究	Pre-feasibility Study预可研	Final Feasibility Study最终可研
Cost accuracy 成本准确性	±25%-50%	±15-25%	±10-15%
Cost contingency 不可预见费用	30-50%	15-30%	<15%
Proportion of Engineering complete 工程完成比例	<5%	<20%	<50%
Resource categories 资源分类	Mostly Inferred 主要为推断的	Mostly Indicated 主要为控制的	Measured and Indicated探明的和控制的
Reserve categories 储量分类	None 无	Mostly Probable 主要为概略的	Proved and Probable证实的、概略的
Mining method 采矿方法	Assumed 假设的	General 一般的	Optimised 优化的
Mine design 矿山设计	None or high-level conceptual 无或高级概念性的	Preliminary mine plan and schedule 初步矿山规划和排产	Detailed mine plan and schedule 详细的矿山规划和排产
Scheduling0 排产	Annual approximation年度近似值	3-monthly to annual 每3个月到每年	Monthly for much of payback period 回收期大多数时间按每月
Risk tolerance风险容限	High 高	Medium 中等	Low 低

How it all fits together

如何组合在一起

1	Project advancement项目推进
2	Data quantity and data quality数据数量和数据质量
3	Technical/ economic assessment-Resource & Reserve reporting 技术/经济评估—资源和储量报告
4	Final engineering/Construction最终工程/施工
5	Commissioning试运行
6	Operating运营
7	Social, environmental & governance社会、环境和治理

Mining value chain in context – example

矿业价值链-例子

未完待续

CHRISTMAS