4 数据处理及跳转
4 数据处理及跳转
结果跳转方式
ModelAndView
设置 ModelAndView 对象,根据 View 的名称和视图解析器跳转到指定的页面
页面 : {视图解析器前缀} + viewName +{视图解析器后缀}
<!--视图解析器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!--前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!--后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean>
对应的Controller类
package com.zzb.controller;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;public class ControllerTest1 implements Controller { public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception { // 创建模型视图 ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView(); // 调用业务层 String msg = "ControllerTest1"; modelAndView.addObject("msg", msg); // 设置跳转视图 modelAndView.setViewName("test"); return modelAndView; }}
ServletAPI
通过设置ServletAPI,不需要视图解析器
1、通过HttpServletResponse进行输出
2、通过HttpServletResponse实现重定向
3、通过HttpServletRequest实现转发
package com.zzb.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.IOException;@Controller@RequestMapping("/t3")public class ControllerTest3 { @RequestMapping("/t1") public void test1(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException { resp.getWriter().println("Hello,Spring BY servlet API"); } @RequestMapping("/t2") public void test2(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException { // 重定向 resp.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath() + "/index.jsp"); } @RequestMapping("/t3") public void test3(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // 转发 req.setAttribute("msg", "/t3/t3"); req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req, resp); }}
Spring MVC
通过 Spring MVC 来实现转发和重定向——不需要视图解析器。
注意:测试前先将视图解析器注释掉。
package com.zzb.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;@Controller@RequestMapping("/t4")public class ControllerTest4 { @RequestMapping("/t1") public String test1(){ // 转发 return "/index.jsp"; } @RequestMapping("/t2") public String test2(){ // 显示转发 return "forward:/index.jsp"; } @RequestMapping("/t3") public String test3(){ // 重定向 return "redirect:/index.jsp"; }}
通过 Spring MVC 来实现转发和重定向——使用视图解析器。
注意:开启视图解析器。
package com.zzb.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;@Controller@RequestMapping("/t5")public class ControllerTest5 { @RequestMapping("/t1") public String test1(){ // 转发 return "test"; } @RequestMapping("/t2") public String test2(){ // 重定向 return "redirect:/index.jsp"; }}
数据处理
处理提交数据
1、提交的域名数据名称和处理方法的参数名一致
package com.zzb.controller;import com.zzb.pojo.User;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.Model;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;@Controller@RequestMapping("/data")public class DataController { // 域名参数与控制器参数名一致的情况 @RequestMapping("/t1") public String test1(String name, Model model){ // 1 接收前端参数 System.out.println(name); // 2 将数据返回给前端 model.addAttribute("msg", name); return "test"; }}
测试结果:
2、提交的域名数据名称和处理方法的参数名不一致
// 域名参数与控制器参数名不一致的情况 @RequestMapping("/t2") public String test2(@RequestParam("username") String name, Model model){ // 1 接受前端参数 System.out.println(name); // 2 将参数传递给前端展示 model.addAttribute("msg", name); return "test"; }
测试结果:
3、参数是一个对象
package com.zzb.pojo;public class User { private int id; private String name; private int age; public User() { } public User(int id, String name, int age) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}'; }}
// 前端提交的参数是一个对象 @RequestMapping("/t3") public String test3(User user, Model model){ // 1 接收前端传递的参数 System.out.println(user.toString()); // 2 将参数传递给前端页面展示 model.addAttribute("msg", user.toString()); return "test"; }
测试结果:
注意:如果传递参数是对象的话,前端传递的参数名和对象的属性名必须一致,否则为null。
前端展示数据
1、ModelAndView
package com.zzb.controller;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;public class ControllerTest1 implements Controller { public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception { // 创建模型视图 ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView(); // 调用业务层 String msg = "ControllerTest1"; modelAndView.addObject("msg", msg); // 设置跳转视图 modelAndView.setViewName("test"); return modelAndView; }}
2、ModelMap
@RequestMapping("/t1") public String test1(String name, ModelMap modelMap){ // 1 接收前端参数 System.out.println(name); // 2 将数据返回给前端 modelMap.addAttribute("msg", name); return "test"; }
3、Model
@RequestMapping("/t1") public String test1(String name, Model model){ // 1 接收前端参数 System.out.println(name); // 2 将数据返回给前端 model.addAttribute("msg", name); return "test"; }
3种方法对比:
Model 只有寥寥几个方法只适合用于储存数据,简化了新手对于Model对象的操作和理解;
ModelMap 继承了 LinkedMap ,除了实现了自身的一些方法,同样的继承 LinkedMap 的方法和特性;
ModelAndView 可以在储存数据的同时,可以进行设置返回的逻辑视图,进行控制展示层的跳转。
乱码问题
1、在index.jsp页面写一个表单
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %><html> <head> <title>$Title$</title> </head> <body> <form action=${pageContext.request.contextPath}/data/t1 method="post"> <input type="text" name="name"> <input type="submit"> </form> </body></html>
2、后端处理程序
@Controller@RequestMapping("/data")public class DataController { // 域名参数与控制器参数名一致的情况 @RequestMapping("/t1") public String test1(String name, Model model){ // 1 接收前端参数 System.out.println(name); // 2 将数据返回给前端 model.addAttribute("msg", name); return "test"; }}
3、输入中文 哈哈哈 测试
乱码问题通过过滤器解决,Spring MVC 提供了一个过滤器,需要在web.xml中配置!
<filter> <filter-name>encoding</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encoding</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
自定义过滤器:
package com.zzb.filter;import javax.servlet.*;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;import java.util.Map;/*** 解决get和post请求 全部乱码的过滤器*/public class GenericEncodingFilter implements Filter { @Override public void destroy() { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { //处理response的字符编码 HttpServletResponse myResponse=(HttpServletResponse) response; myResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); // 转型为与协议相关对象 HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request; // 对request包装增强 HttpServletRequest myrequest = new MyRequest(httpServletRequest); chain.doFilter(myrequest, response); } @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { }}//自定义request对象,HttpServletRequest的包装类class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper { private HttpServletRequest request; //是否编码的标记 private boolean hasEncode; //定义一个可以传入HttpServletRequest对象的构造函数,以便对其进行装饰 public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) { super(request);// super必须写 this.request = request; } // 对需要增强方法 进行覆盖 @Override public Map getParameterMap() { // 先获得请求方式 String method = request.getMethod(); if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) { // post请求 try { // 处理post乱码 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); return request.getParameterMap(); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } else if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")) { // get请求 Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap(); if (!hasEncode) { // 确保get手动编码逻辑只运行一次 for (String parameterName : parameterMap.keySet()) { String[] values = parameterMap.get(parameterName); if (values != null) { for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) { try { // 处理get乱码 values[i] = new String(values[i] .getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } hasEncode = true; } return parameterMap; } return super.getParameterMap(); } //取一个值 @Override public String getParameter(String name) { Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap(); String[] values = parameterMap.get(name); if (values == null) { return null; } return values[0]; // 取回参数的第一个值 } //取所有值 @Override public String[] getParameterValues(String name) { Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap(); String[] values = parameterMap.get(name); return values; }}
然后在web.xml中配置这个过滤器即可!