陝西歷史博物館 · 宋金西夏元明清文物 / 四六文摘

宋代文物

▼陶拱手/捧砚/捧琴/捧书函/捧字画/女立俑（下排）

▼ 宋元明俑服饰图

▼ 武士画像砖｜宋｜安康市西关出土

Brick with Design of Warrior Portrait

▼ 陶龙｜宋（960-1279）

▼ 陶跪拜俑｜宋

▼ 总领军马铜印｜宋（960-1279）

金与西夏文物

▼ 交钞铜版｜金｜馆藏

Bronze Mold for Printing Currency

中国最早的纸币出现在宋代，当时称交子或钱引，作为信用券使用。金代效法宋而发行纸币，并且流通使用，成为金朝最重要的贷币。这枚交钞铜版是金王朝印刷纸币的雕版。版头有“壹拾贯”三字，左格有“伪造交钞者斩”字样。下栏共七行，记录着该交钞的流通地区，兑换现钱机构以及发行官署的签押等。

The earliest chinese paper currency, also called "jiao zi" or "qian yin", appeared in Song Dynasty, and was used as credit certificate. The Jin government imitated Song to issue and to circulate paper currency, and made it one of the most important currecies of their country. This bronze plate was the mold for printing paper currency, with three characters "yi shi guan" on the centrl top , six characters reading"people who counterfeit money will be put to death" on the left squuare and seven graph characters on the bower part indicating its circulating area, money exchage agency and seal of issuing office etc.

▼ 铜锣｜金（1115-1234）

▼ 白釉黑花卧美人枕｜金（1115-1234）

▼ 铜符牌｜西夏（1032-1227）

▼ 西夏文铜官印｜西夏（1032-1227）

▼ 西夏文铜镜｜安康市出土

元代文物

▼ 彩绘俑陶｜元

▼ 陶拱手女侍俑（元）｜釉陶俑（明）｜陶卫士俑（元）

▼ 陶马车（俑）｜Pottery Horse and Chariot｜元

▼ 陶武士俑｜元（1271-1368）

▼ 彩绘俑陶｜元

▼ 彩绘跪姿陶俑｜元（1271-1368）｜馆藏

▼ 幻方铁板

▼ 元奉元路城图

明代文物

▼ 彩绘陶仪仗俑群｜Painted Honor Guards

明（1368-1644）｜西安市长安区简王井乡出土

俑群共三千余件，是明秦简王死后随葬的仪仗队。俑手中原持木质道具已朽，踏板下墨书俑名70余种，有清道旗、金鼓旗、白泽旗、告止幡、信幡、戈、戟、弓箭、笙、笛、箫、板、琵琶、抬轿、跟驾、梅花灯、各样伞、扇等，阵容庞大，浩浩荡荡。

The figures, altogether more than 300 pieces, are the funerary guards of honor of Prince Qinjian of the Ming Dynasty. They originally held in their hands wooden staves, which have been rotten away. At the bottom of each of the pedestal is written in ink the name of the respective figure. there are more than 70 kinds of names, such as Qingdao(keeping clear) Flag, Jingu(gong and drum) Flag, Baize(lucky animals) Flag, Gaozhi (no admittance) Flag, Xin (official title) Flag, as well as spear, halberd, bow and arrow, sheng (reed pipe wind instrument), Di (bamboo flute), Xiao(vertical bamboo flute), Clappers, Pipa, Sedam Carrier, footman, Plum-blossom Lantern and various kinds of umbrellas, fans, etc. The formation is enormous and imposing.

酱釉描金孔雀牡丹纹执壶明嘉靖（1522-1566）

斗彩饕餮纹方鼎明万历（1573-1619）

清代文物

▼ 光绪乙亥乡试题纸｜清光绪元年（1875）｜馆藏

Examination Paper of the Guangxu Reign

这是一张清光绪时期陕西的乡试题纸。清代科举分童试、乡试、会试、殿试四级，制度周密而复杂。乡试每三年在京城及各省城举办一次，每次考三场，题目一律采用《四书》《五经》中的语句，答题须用八股文形式。这张试卷标明是乡试，第二场所用，题目是《五经》中的一段文字。试卷中标有“恩科”二字，当时如果遇到皇帝万寿、登基庆典或大婚、生阿哥之类喜事，可增加一次乡试，借以表示皇帝对臣民的恩赐，故称“恩科”。试卷卷首标有“光绪元年乙亥”字样，表明正值光绪帝登基之年，自然要“恩科”了。

▼ 万字丈量正册｜明万历九年（1581）｜馆藏

An Account Book for Land Measurement

明朝政府纪录土地管理情况的帐册，绘制于万历九年，具体州县不详。册中以规范的表格，将土地详细登记，画出每块田、地、山、塘、坟等形状，注明位置、标清四至，量出丈尺，写明主人姓名、编上字号。明政府将这份帐册与纺户丁为主的黄册相结合，征收赋税。

This account book was made in the ninth year of Wanli Regeign, recording the land management of government, without its exact provenance. It used regular forms to clearly register the shapes, location, scale and names of the owners of each patch of field, land, mountain, pond and grave. the government used it as guide to collect taxes supplemented by yellow account listing the male numbers of every family.

▼ 祭红碗｜Scarlet-red-Glazed Bowl清雍正（1723-1735）

▼ 釉里红僧帽壶｜清乾隆（1736-1795）

▼ 绿釉暗花八宝纹盘｜清雍正（1723-1735）

▼ 祭蓝碗｜清雍正（1723-1735）

▼ 珊瑚串饰｜清

陝西歷史博物館 · 宋金西夏元明清文物

相关推荐