新加坡DfMA和PMEP简介（5/10）
4. GOOD INDUSTRY PRACTICES- FABRICATION AT THE MANUFACTURING PLANT
4. 良好的行业规范-在制造工厂制造
4.1. Adopt good management practices to improve productivity
4.1. 采用良好的管理方法以提高生产力
Before production commences, detailed manufacturing drawings for each module are produced and finalised by all key parties. After the MEP modules have been produced in the factory, the manufacturing drawing should be pasted on the respective modules and the services labelled* accordingly for reference by other trades. Radio frequency identification (RFID) or a barcode system can also be used to track the modules in the factory and facilitate installation on site.
在生产开始前，每个模块的详细制造图纸由所有关键部门制作并最终确定。MEP模块在工厂生产完成后，应在各模块及相应标注*的服务上粘贴制造图，供其他行业参考。还可以使用射频识别(RFID)或条形码系统在工厂跟踪模块，方便现场安装。
The production schedule and manpower planning are also critical. The adoption of automation and mechanisation e.g. robotic welding machine, CNC pipe cutting machine etc. in factory can help improve productivity and reduce reliance on manpower.
生产计划和人力计划也很重要。工厂采用自动化及机械化操作，例如机器人焊接机、数控切管机等，有助提高生产力及减少对人力的依赖。
*The labels should be positioned at the location of ceiling access panels or maintenance panels, according to the ceiling plan.
标签应按吊顶平面图放置在吊顶出入板或维护板位置。
Figure 11: Ensuring quality control at the MEP factory
(Photograph courtesy of Crown House Manufacturing, United Kingdom)
图11:确保MEP工厂的质量控制(照片由英国皇家制造公司提供)
4.2. Ensure quality control
4.2. 确保质量控制
Inspection test plans should be developed for all modules by the prefabricator and endorsed by MEP trade specialists and consultants to ensure that they are applicable for the project.
所有模块的检验测试计划应由预制商制定，并经MEP行业专家和顾问批准，以确保适用于项目。
Tests and inspections of the individual services and support system e.g. steel frames of the modules, should be conducted according to the respective technical specifications and codes of practice. These include the material’s compliance with regulatory requirements, project specifications, pipe pressure test, air tightness test for ductwork, and gradient of condensate drain pipe, sanitary waste pipe and kitchen waste pipe.
个别服务及支援系统(例如组件的钢框架)的测试及检查，应按有关的技术规格及工作守则进行。这些测试包括材料是否符合法规要求、项目规范、管道压力试验、管道系统气密性试验以及冷凝水排放管、生活污水管和厨房污水管的坡度试验。
Factory acceptance tests should be verified by an engineer’s representative to ensure that the modules have achieved their performance requirements. Should the modules fail to meet the performance requirements, rectifications should be carried out accordingly, prior to the delivery of the modules.
工厂验收测试应由工程师代表进行验证，以确保模块达到其性能要求。如果模块不能满足性能要求，应在模块交付前进行相应的整改。
A mock-up should also be produced for inspection and approval by the Qualified Person (QP) prior to mass production.
在批量生产前，还应生产出模型供合格人员(QP)检验和批准。
4.3. Align MEP modules properly before delivery to site
4.3. 在交付到现场之前，对MEP模块进行适当的调整
To ensure a smooth installation on site, a template or jig could be used when lining up the modules in the factory to check for proper alignment.
为了确保现场安装的顺利进行，可以使用模板或夹具在工厂对模块进行排齐，检查是否对齐正确。
Figure 12: Alignment of modules in a factory. Prefabricated MEP modules are fitted out in the factory, prior to delivery and installation on site (Photograph courtesy of DSG Modular)
图12:工厂中的模块对齐。在交付和现场安装之前，预制的MEP模块已在工厂安装完毕(DSG模块化提供的照片)
4.4. Protect modules against weather elements
4.4. 保护模块免受天气因素的影响
Modules should be covered with shrink wrap, tarp etc. to protect them against exposure to weather, prior to delivery to site. Alternatively, the modules can be kept in a sheltered condition at all times.
模块在交付到现场之前，应该用收缩包装和防水布等覆盖，以保护它们不受天气的影响。或者，模块可以一直保持在一个保护的条件下。
4.5. Facilitate transport, handling and installation
4.5. 便于运输、搬运和安装
To ease transport and handling, modules can be pre-installed with castor wheels that can be taken off after installation. Equipment such as pallet jacks and forklifts also facilitate the manoeuvring and lifting of modules in the factory and on site.
为了便于运输和搬运，模块可以预先安装castor车轮，可以在安装后取下。设备，如托盘千斤顶和叉车也便于操作和提升模块在工厂和现场。
Sometimes, to facilitate the installation of MEP modules in tight working spaces, the builder and prefabricator can work together to integrate other works into the MEP modules. For example, part of a partition wall can be integrated with the MEP modules, as shown in the diagram below.
有时，为了便于在紧凑的工作空间中安装MEP模块，建造者和预制者可以一起工作，将其他工作集成到MEP模块中。例如，分区墙的一部分可以与MEP模块集成，如下图所示。
Figure 13: A horizontal ceiling module integrated with drywall partition wall to facilitate installation in tight working space.
图13:水平天花板模块与石膏板隔墙集成，便于在狭小的工作空间安装。
4.6. Refer to inspection checklist for delivery of modules
4.6. 模块交付时，请参阅检查清单
A checklist should be used to verify the condition of modules before they are delivered to site, minimising unnecessary waste and time. An example of the checklist is as shown in the Appendix.
在模块交付到现场之前，应使用检查表来验证模块的状况，尽量减少不必要的浪费和时间。清单的示例如附录所示。