四六级必过 | Day 30

-Friday- 

对话框回复“早安”或者“morning"，获取清晨元气满满的英文金句

有书英语共读发起“四六级历劫”计划

两个月带你飞升上神！

练习日

阅读理解及解析

1. "Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote, "are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation."

经济学家亚当斯密曾写道：“糖，烟和酒，并非生活的必需品，却成为最广泛的消费品，所以也是收税目标。”

2. Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.

两百五十年来，大部分国家都会对烟酒征税。随着肥胖症高发，公共卫生系统承受的压力不断增加，世界各国政府开始考虑要对糖也征税。

3. Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico's taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales if untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.

征税是否有用，还有待商榷。墨西哥征收糖税，初步结果是，征税的饮料销量下降，未征税的更健康的饮料销量增加。相比而言，丹麦之前对高脂肪含量食品收税，后来发现消费者为了避税，会跨境去德国，购买更便宜，脂肪含量更高的食品，所以，实施一年后丹麦取消了该项税收。

4. The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.

一般来说，像这类的政府行为，食品业都会坚决反对。但是随着人们对腰围的重视，食品业也感受到压力，需要去展现他们的食品，即健康又美味。

5. Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufactures have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.

过去30年来，食品业也在努力提升自己的产品质量。例如，有些饮料生厂商就已经减少了其饮品中的糖分。

6. Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however，some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.

过去30年，很多产品都是在减少糖分、盐分或脂肪含量上下功夫，或者寻找替代配料。而近来，有些公司已经开始把钱投资到更有野心的计划上：试图调整产品的基础成分。例如，食物中不含盐，而是把盐撒在表面，这样既不减少了盐分，又保持了口感。

7.While reformulating recipes(配方)is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches-including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes-will be needed. There is no silver bullet.

重改食物配方是一种提高大众健康的方式，但还应该有更多样的方法。关键是要牢记，问题的解决途径并非只有一种。要解决肥胖问题，应多管齐下，包括重改配方，收税，调整成分。并无一击而中的办法。

1. What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and tobacco？

A. They were profitable to manufacture.

B. They were in ever-increasing demand.

C. They were subject to taxation almost everywhere.

D. They were no longer considered necessities of life.

本题根据题干，答案定位在第一段。

A选项和B选项都没有在文中出现，所以排除。D选项是干扰项，no longer属于多余成分，所以不能选。

答案是C，参考文中标红部分。

2. Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?

A. They are under growing pressures to balance their national budgets.

B. They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.

C. They practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has proved both popular and profitable.

D. The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.

根据题干定位答案在第二段。

根据文中标黄的部分，首先排除C和D，因为与alcohol和tobacco无关。而A选项也是无关项，文中并未提及budget。本题只要确定答案所在位置，即可直接选出答案为B。

3. What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?

A. It did not work out as well as was expected.

B. It gave rise to a lot of problems on the border.

C. It could not succeed without German cooperation.

D. It met with firm opposition from the food industry.

根据题干定位答案在第三段。

从文中标绿部分可以推断出，丹麦取消了税收计划，因为并没有达到预期效果。

所以答案为A。其它选项都为干扰项。

4. What is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty?

A. Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.

B. Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products.

C. Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers' needs.

D. Adjusting the physical composition of their products.

本题要注意的关键词为more recent，所以将答案定位在文中标蓝的部分。

选项A和B都是以前的方法，不是最新的方法。C选项文中没有提及。

所以答案是D，选项中用近义词替换了文中的词。

5. What does the author mean by saying, at the end of the passage, "There is no silver bullet"(Line 4, Para 7)?

A. There is no single easy quick solution to the problem.

B. There is no hope of success without public cooperation.

C. There is on hurry in finding ways to solve the obesity problem.

D. There is no effective way to reduce people's sugar consumption.

本题根据提示直接定位在文章结尾。

根据文中标紫的部分可知，问题不只有一种解决办法。所以答案为A。

本题需要根据文章信息进行推理，切记不要脱离原文。

明日预告：翻译讲解，批改同学们的作业。