20190719长难句
【昨日回顾】
That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.
至少，这是希望所在。但是今天网上发布的一篇语言特征的对比研究（为这一想法）提供了现实上的检验。在这之前的两个寻找语言共性的尝试的基础上，奥克兰大学的Russell Gray以及他的同事们对语法的演变进行了思考。
【今日长难句】
The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar.
【结构解析】
1. 本句为多重复合句，句子主干为“被动”句，即：The most famous of these efforts/ was initiated by Noam Chomsky。
2. “who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity”为定语从句，修饰Noam Chomsky，可译为单句。
3. that dictates a universal grammar为定语从句，修饰an innate language-acquisiton capacity, 可译为“的“结构，或单独成句。
【词的处理】
effort / ˈefət / n. 艰难的尝试(结合these一词可知，efforts 与上文中的attempts表同义)
initiate / iˈniʃieit / vt. 发起，创建
be born with 天生具有
innate / iˈneit / adj. 天生的
acquisition / ˌækwiˈziʃn / n. 获得（知识，技能）
capacity / kəˈpæsəti / n. 领悟（办事）能力
dictate / dikˈteit/ vt. 指使，支配
universal / ˌju:niˈvə:sl /adj. 普遍的，通用的
【参考译文】
The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar.
译文1：这些艰辛的尝试中最著名的一个是由Noam Chomsky所倡导的，他认为人类有一种与生俱来的能掌握通用语法的语言习得能力。
译文2：这些艰辛的尝试中最著名的一个是由Noam Chomsky所提出的，他认为人类有一种与生俱来的语言习得能力，这种能力支配通用语法。
【明日长难句】
A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly. The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.
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