Plant J|吲哚-3-甘油磷酸合酶是玉米中色氨酸,吲哚和苯并恶嗪类化合物的生物合成分支点
玉米(Zea mays)基因组编码三种吲哚-3-甘油磷酸合成酶(IGPS1、2和3),它们催化1(2-羧基苯基氨基)-1-脱氧核糖-5-磷酸转化为吲哚-3-甘油磷酸。另外三种玉米酶(BX1,无苯并恶嗪酮1;TSA,色氨酸合成酶α亚基;IGL,吲哚甘油磷酸裂解酶)将吲哚-3-甘油磷酸转化为吲哚,吲哚作为一种挥发性防御信号化合物释放,同时也是色氨酸和防御相关苯并恶嗪类化合物生物合成的前体。
系统发育分析表明,IGPS2与单子叶植物和双子叶植物中的酶相似,而玉米IGPS1和IGPS3是单子叶植物特有的分支。
黄色荧光蛋白(YFP)与玉米IGPS酶和吲哚-3-甘油磷酸裂解酶的融合均定位于叶绿体。在双分子荧光互补分析中,IGPS1与BX1和IGL强烈相互作用,IGPS2主要与TSA相互作用,而IGPS3与所有三种吲哚-3-甘油磷酸裂解酶的相互作用相同。而IGPS1和IGPS3的表达是由昆虫取食诱导的,而IGPS2的表达则不是。在IGPS1和IGPS3中插入转座子降低了苯并恶嗪类和游离吲哚的丰度。
甜菜夜蛾(spodopteraexigua,甜菜夜蛾)幼虫在igps1突变体玉米植株上生长良好。
总之,这些结果表明IGPS1和IGPS3主要在防御代谢产物的生物合成中起作用,而IGPS2可能参与色氨酸的生物合成。这种代谢通道是相似的,尽管没有三种玉米吲哚-3-甘油磷酸裂解酶所建议的那样具有排他性。
The maize (Zea mays) genome encodes three indole‐3‐glycerolphosphate synthase enzymes (IGPS1, 2, and 3) catalyzing the conversion of 1‐(2‐carboxyphenylamino)‐l‐deoxyribulose‐5‐phosphate to indole‐3‐glycerolphosphate. Three further maize enzymes (BX1, benzoxazinoneless 1; TSA, tryptophan synthase α subunit; and IGL, indole glycerolphosphate lyase) convert indole‐3‐glycerolphosphate to indole, which is released as a volatile defense signaling compound and also serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of tryptophan and defense‐related benzoxazinoids. Phylogenetic analyses showed that IGPS2 is similar to enzymes found in both monocots and dicots, whereas maize IGPS1 and IGPS3 are in monocot‐specific clades. Fusions of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) with maize IGPS enzymes and indole‐3‐glycerolphosphate lyases were all localized in chloroplasts. In bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, IGPS1 interacted strongly with BX1 and IGL, IGPS2 interacted primarily with TSA, and IGPS3 interacted equally with all three indole‐3‐glycerolphosphate lyases. Whereas IGPS1 and IGPS3 expression was induced by insect feeding, IGPS2 expression was not. Transposon insertions in IGPS1 and IGPS3 reduced the abundance of both benzoxazinoids and free indole. Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) larvae show improved growth on igps1 mutant maize plants. Together, these results suggest that IGPS1 and IGPS3 function mainly in the biosynthesis of defensive metabolites, whereas IGPS2 may be involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan. This metabolic channeling is similar, though less exclusive than that proposed for the three maize indole‐3‐glycerolphosphate lyases.
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