【小学英语】2021年必背100个基础知识,建议收藏!

一、一个星期七天
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
二、一年十二个月
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
三、一年四季
1. spring
2. summer
3. autumn
4. winter
四、容易拼写错的数字
1. eighth第八
2. ninth第九
3. forty四十
4. twelfth第十二
5. twentieth第二十
五、亲属称呼
1. daughter (女儿)
2. niece (女性晚辈)
3. nephew (男性晚辈)
4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹)
5. aunt (女性长辈)
6. uncle (男性长辈)
六、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母
1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔
2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制
3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认
4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现
5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿
6. refer (referred, referring) 提到
7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记
8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许
9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备
注意:quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语)
七、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词
1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播
2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑
3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止
4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅
5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰
6. hang (作“绞死”讲,是规则的;作“悬挂”讲,其过去式过去分词都是hung)
7. lie –lied –lied 说谎; lie—lay---lain躺下 lay-laid- laid 放置
8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求
9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖
10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌
11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉
12. spread (spread, spread) 传播
13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳
14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎
16. wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴
17. hold (held, held )
18. make (made, made)
19. keep (kept, kept)
八、意思相近的词
1. check (核对)/ examine(检查)/ test(测试)
2. receive(收到) / accept(接受)
3. destroy (毁坏;毁灭)/ damage(破坏)
4. celebrate(庆祝)/ congratulate(祝贺)
5. wear sth / dress sb 穿衣
九、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化
1. long—length 长度
2. wide—width 宽度
3. high—height 高度
4. strong—strength力量
以-ic结尾的动词,应先把-ic变为-ick,再加ing或ed
picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐
十、个别名词的复数拼写
1. German (Germans) 德国人
2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾
3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕roof (roofs) 房顶
4. hero (英雄),potato (土豆),tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。
十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化
1. succeed—success成功
2. pronounce—pronunciation 发音
3 . explain—explanation解释
4. decide—decision 决定
5. enter—entrance进入
6. permit—permission 允许
7. consider—consideration 考虑
8. expect—expectation 期待
9. discover—discovery 发现
10. bury—burial 埋葬
11. conclude—conclusion 得出结论
12. arrive—arrival 到达
13. weigh—weight 重量
14. describe—description 描述
15. lose—loss 损失
16. anxious---anxiety 焦虑
十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化
1. beautiful美丽的—beautifully
2. possible可能的—possibly
3. practical实际的—practically
4. particular特别的—particularly
5. successful成功的—successfully
常用英汉互译知识
1. 元宵节:Lantern Festival
2. 刺绣:embroidery
3. 重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival
4. 清明节:Tomb sweeping day
5. 剪纸:Paper Cutting
6. 书法:Calligraphy
7. 对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets
8. 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters
9. 人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow
10. 四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle
11. 战国:Warring States
12. 风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen
13. 铁饭碗:Iron Bowl
14. 函授部:The Correspondence Department
15. 集体舞:Group Dance
16. 黄土高原:Loess Plateau
17. 红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals
18. 中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day
19. 结婚证:Marriage Certificate
20. 儒家文化:Confucian Culture
21. 附属学校:Affiliated school
22. 古装片:Costume Drama
23. 武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie
24. 元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)
25. 一国两制:One Country, Two Systems
26. 火锅:Hot Pot
27. 四人帮:Gang of Four
28. 《诗经》:The Book of Songs
29. 素质教育:Essential-qualities-oriented Education
30. 《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian
31. 大跃进:Great Leap Forward (Movement)
32. 《西游记》:The Journey to the West
33. 除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival
34. 针灸:Acupuncture
35. 唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery
36. 中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics
37. 偏旁:radical
38. 孟子:Mencius
39. 亭/阁:Pavilion/ Attic
40. 大中型国有企业:Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises
41. 火药:gunpowder
42. 农历:Lunar Calendar
43. 印/玺:Seal/Stamp
44. 物质精神文明建设:The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization
45. 京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera
46. 秦腔:Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera
47. 太极拳:Tai Chi
48. 独生子女证:The Certificate of One-child
49. 天坛:Altar of Heaven in Beijing
50. 小吃摊:Snack Bar/Snack Stand
51. 红双喜:Double Happiness
52. 政治辅导员:Political Counselor/School Counselor
53. 春卷:Spring Roll(s)
54. 莲藕:Lotus Root
55. 追星族:Star Struck
56. 故宫博物院:The Palace Museum
57. 相声:Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue
58. 下岗:Lay off/Laid off
59. 北京烤鸭:Beijing Roast Duck
60. 高等自学考试:Self-taught Examination of Higher Education
61. 烟花爆竹:fireworks and firecracker
62. 敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves
63. 电视小品:TV Sketch/TV Skit
64. 香港澳门同胞:Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao
65. 文化大革命:Cultural Revolution
66. 长江中下游地区:The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River
67. 门当户对:Perfect Match/Exact Match
68. 《水浒》:Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh
69. 中外合资企业:Joint Ventures
70. 文房四宝(笔墨纸砚):'The Four Treasure of the Study' 'Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone'。
其它必背单词
1. abroad 国外
2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.)
3. accept 接受)
4. accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的,accidentally adv. 偶然地)
5. achievement成就 (achieve v. 获得)
6. address地址
7. admire钦佩
8. admit承认 (admitted)
9. agreement 协议
10.agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的) industry 工业(industrial工业的)
11. altogether总共
12. ancient 古代的
13. announce宣告、通知 announcement ( n. 口头通知)
14. anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的,anxiously adv. 焦急地)
15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉)
16. appear 出现(appearance 外貌 n.)disappear消失/不见
17. appreciate感激/欣赏 (感激人用thank sb;谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.)
18. Asian(亚洲的)
19. assistant 助手
20. astonish吃惊 (astonishment n. 吃惊,astonishing令吃惊的,astonished吃惊的)
21. astronaut 宇航员
22. atmosphere气氛
23. attempt尝试 (n / v) attempt to do sth
24. attentively 专心地
25. attention 专心 pay attention to doing sth
26. attitude 态度
27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)
28. average平均 / 平均的
29. on average 平均
30. balance平衡 keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡
31. beauty 美 (beautiful, beautifully ) beautify美化
32. believe相信 (belief n. 信念,其复数是beliefs)
33. beyond超过
34. biology生物
35. birthday生日
36. bravery 勇敢 brave勇敢的 bravely勇敢地
37.broad宽阔的
38. broadcast广播(broadcast broadcast;)
39. care 关心 careful 小心的 carefully小心地
40. ceiling天花板
41. cinema电影院
42. celebrate庆祝
43. celebration 庆祝n.
44. century 世纪
45. challenge 挑战
46. character 性格
47. charge收费 be charge of
48. comfort v. & n. 安慰 comfortable 舒适的adj. comfortably adv.舒适地
49. take charge of 管理„
50. comment 评论
51. communicate (vt) communication (n) 交流
52. competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)
53. composition 作文
54. concert 音乐会
55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论
56. condition情况 (conditions条件)
57. concern 关心 (vt)
58. congratulations 祝贺 (congratulate v.)
59. constant 不断的 constantly 不断地
60. construction(建设)
61. continue继续
62. contribution 贡献 (contribute v.) make contributions to 对„做出贡献
63. convenient (adj.) 方便的 conveniently方便地
64. conversation 谈话
65. coughing咳嗽
66. cousin表兄弟
67. cruel的 (adj. cruelly 残酷地adv.)
68. curious 好奇的 (curiosity n. 好奇)
69. culture(cultural文化的adj.)
70. customer 顾客
71. whether是否
72. custom习俗
73. destroy毁灭 (其过去式是destroyed)
74. declare宣称
75. delicious 美味
76. damage损坏
77. determined 有决心的 be determined to do sth 决心做某事
78. develop发展 (development n. developing 发展中的,developed发达的)
79. dialogue 对话
80. diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品)
81. difference 不同点 (复数differences) different不同的 differently 不同地differ from be different from make differences
82. disappointed失望的 (disappointing 让人失望的)
83. disappointment 失望
84. discovery 发现 (复数discoveries,动词discover,发现者discoverer)
85. disturb打扰
86. dollar美元 (其复数是dollars)
87. downstairs楼下 upstairs楼上
88. dream梦想 (其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)
89. electricity电 (electrical电的,electric 电的)
90. employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主, employee雇员)
91. empty倒空 (可用动词,其过去式是emptied)
92. encourage鼓励 (encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.) encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
93. energy能量
94. envelope 信封
95. envy n. 妒忌
96. equal(平等的) equality平等
97. equipment设备
98. especially 尤其是
99. essential(重要的)
100. European 欧洲人
101. event事件
107. expert 专家
102. excellent极好 (excellence n. excellently adv.)
104. exhibition展览
105. expense 耗费 expensive 昂贵的
106. experience 经验/经历 (experienced 有经验的) an unusual experience一次不同寻常的经历 have much experience经验丰富
107. express (vt) 表达 expression (n)
108. impress 印象 impression (n.)
109. fail v.失败 failure n.失败 fail to do sth 没做成某事
110. familiar(熟悉的) be familiar to /with
111. worship崇拜
112. favorite 最喜爱的 flexible 灵活的
113. figure人物/数字
114. finger手指
115. flight飞行
116. forehead前额
117. foreign(外国的)
118. fortunate幸运的 fortunately幸运地 unfortunately不幸运地
119. forward向前
120. freezing 极冷的 (frozen 冷冻的)
121. frequently 经常地
122. furniture 家具
123.far 远的 further进一步的
124. generally 大概 generally speaking 一般来说
125. geography地理
126. Germany德国
127. government政府
128. gradual 逐渐的 gradually逐渐地
129. graduation毕业 (graduate from毕业于 )
130. grammar语法
131. habit习惯 form a habit of 养成„习惯
132. handkerchief 手绢)
133. honest诚实的honesty 诚实
134. honor/honour 荣誉
135. imagination 想象力 (imagine v.)
136. immediate (立即的) immediately马上(adv)
137. take measures 采取措施
138. form a habit of 养成„习惯
139. incident小事件
140. including包括 (include v.)
141.independent 独立的
142. industry工业 (industrial adj. 工业的)
143. information 信息
144. instrument 仪器
145. institute学院
146. inspire激励 (inspiration n. inspiring鼓舞人心的, inspired受鼓舞的)
147. interest 兴趣 interesting有兴趣的 be interested in对„感兴趣
148. interrupt 打断
149. judging from 根据„来判断
150. introduce介绍 (introduction n.)
151. regular规则的 irregular 不规则的
152. journey旅程
153. judge判断 (judgment)
154. kindergarten幼儿园
155. knowledge 知识
156. labor/labour劳动
157. late 迟的 late1y最近
158. laugh笑 laughter笑声
159. law法律 lawyer律师 legal合法的 illegal非法的
160. library 图书馆 librarian图书馆理员
161. lose掉失,(lost ,lost) loss损失 n.
162. luck 幸运 lucky幸运的 luckily幸运地
163. magazine杂志
164. majority (大多数)
165. weather天气
166. manage 设法 (manager经理, management管理) manage to do 设法做到..
167. market(市场) supermarket超市
168. marriage 结婚 (marry v. 结婚,married已婚的) get married to 与某人结婚
169. material(s)材料)
170. whisper 低语
171. mayor市长
172. mean (意味、打算) meaning 意义 meaningful 有意义的
173. measure测量
174. medal 奖章 (比较:model 模型 metal 金属)
175. memory记忆力 (memorize v. 记住,remember 记得)
176. message 口信
177. musician 音乐家
178. modern现代的
179. modest谦虚的
180. monitor 班长
181. moustache 胡子
182. murder谋杀 (murderer 凶手)
183. music 音乐 musical音乐的
184. mysterious 神秘的 (mystery 神秘)
185. nationality国籍 (nation 国家,national国家的)
186. nature 自然 natural自然的)
187. naughty 淘气的
188. normal 正常的
189. it is necessary for sb to do sth 某人有必要做某事
190. necessary 必要
191. obey (遵守) break 违反
192. obvious 明显的 obviously 明显地
193. offer主动提供) offer to do sth主动做某事
194. operate动手术 operation手术
195. opportunity 机会(=chance)
196. ordinary 普通的
197. organize/organise(组织) organization组织
198. particularly 特别是
199. passenger 旅客
200. problem难题 question问题
201. patience耐心patient耐心的;病人 (patiently耐心地)
202. wealth财富
203. perfect 完美(的) (perfectly) Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧
204. perform (表演)
205. perhaps 或许
206. period 时期
207. permit 许可 vt permission许可 n
208. persuaded(说服)
209. phenomenon 现象 phenomena 现象(复数)
210. physicist 物理学家
211. pilot (飞行员)
212. poisonous 有毒的 (poison)
213. political 政治的 (politics)
214. popular受欢迎的
215. population人口
216. position 职位
217. possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的)
218. poverty 贫穷n (poor贫穷的 )
219. waste (浪费) It’s a waste to do sth 做某事时一种浪费
220. practice实践 practical (可实施的,实际的)
221. prepare(准备) preparation
222. press 压/按 pressure(压力)
223. pretend假装 pretend to do sth 假装做某事
224. professor 教授
225. profit 利润
226. progress进步 make good progress进步很大
227. pronounce发音 pronunciation (n.发音)
228. provide 提供 (比较:supply/ provide sb with sth offer sb sth提供某人某物,
229. public 公众
230. purpose目的 on purpose故意地
231. quality质量/素质
232. quantity(数量
233. realize (实现vt) reality n.现实
234. receive 收到
235. recently(最近= lately)
236. recycle( 循环再用)
237. recognize 认出
238. regards 问候 give my regards to sb请带我向某人问候
239. remind提醒 remind sb of sth 提醒某人某物
240. repeat vt.重复(repetition n.重复)
241. respect尊敬
242. restaurant 餐馆
243. temperature温度
244. satisfaction满意 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)
245. umbrella(雨伞)
246. Saturday(星期六)
247. scientific 科学的
248. scientific科学的
249. secretary秘书
250. secretly (秘密地)
251. separately单独地
252. separate (单独的adj、分开vt)
253. serious 严重的 (seriously)
254. serve (v) – service (n)服务
255. shortcoming缺点
256. silence 安静 (silent安静的-silently安静地)
257. succeed (vi) 成功success (n) 成功 successful (adj) 成功的 successfully (adv) Succeed in doing sth 成功做某事(=be successful to do sth)
258. similar 类似的 (similarity –ies相似之处)
259. situation形势/情况
260. slightly(稍微)
261. society 社会 (social adj. 社会的)
262. southern(南方的) northern北方的 western 西方的 eastern 东方的
263. special特别的
264. species 物种 (单复数同形)
265. spring春天
266. square 平方
267. steal –stole --stolen(偷)
268. straight(直的)
269. suit合适 suitable合适的
270. support支持/支撑 support the family养家糊口
271. surprise吃惊 to one’s surprise使某人吃惊的是 be surprised at 对..感到吃惊
272. surround 包围 surrounding周围的 surroundings环境
273. swimming(游泳n.)
274. technique 技术 (technical adj. 技术的)
275. technology技术
276. theory 理论 in theory 理论上
277. thirst 渴n thirsty口渴的adj
278. thorough 彻底的
289. total合计
280. traffic 交通traffic jam 塞车
281. translate翻译 translation 翻译 translator翻译家
282. interpret 解说, interpreter 口语翻译)
283. usual平常的 unusual不寻常的unusually不寻常地
284. unwilling 不愿意 (willing adj. 愿意 will n. 意志) be willing to do 愿意做„
285. vacation假期(=holiday )
286. various各种各样的 (variety n. 种类)
287. victim受害者
288. victory胜利
289. vocabulary词汇
290. voyage航行

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