2021年初中学业质量检查（百校联考）--阅读理解 2021.6.18

阅读理解（C）

Do you keep your teeth in good condition？Or do you usually

have a toothache ? For many years,dentists keep reminding us that flossing is one of the best ways to keep our mouths and teeth healthy.But while nearly everybody has heard of this,it turns out that there isn't much evidence to back it up.

你的牙齿完好吗?或者你通常牙痛?多年来，牙医不断提醒我们，使用牙线是保持口腔和牙齿健康的最好方法之一。但是，虽然几乎每个人都听说过这种说法，但事实证明，并没有太多的证据来支持它。

"There's little evidence that fossing works,"said an article from

The Associated Press(AP).The news agency looked at studies from the past 10 years.The AP found "weak" evidence that flossing is good for your teeth.

《美联社》的一篇文章写道:“几乎没有证据表明保护行为有效。该通讯社研究了过去10年的研究。美联社发现，使用牙线对牙齿有益的证据并不充分。

Another review of flossing research,done in 2011,found that

many studies were of "poor quality",though it said there was some evidence that flossing and brushing regularly did seem to

reduce gingivitis.

2011年对牙线使用研究的另一项回顾,发现许多研究都表明“质量很差”， 尽管有一些证据表明经常使用牙线和刷牙似乎确实有效减少牙龈炎。

Without clear evidence,the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 left out a sentence about flossing.By law,the guidelines must use scientific evidence.

在没有明确证据的情况下，《2015-2020年美国人膳食指南》漏掉了一句关于使用牙线的内容。根据法律，指导方针必须使用科学证据。

However,many dentists say that just because there is no evidence to show flossing is good for you,it doesn't mean that it is bad for you.

然而，许多牙医说，虽然没有证据表明使用牙线对你有好处，但这并不意味着它对你有害。

Joan Otomo-Corgel,a dentist of 32 years and member of the

American Academy of Periodontology,told National Public Radio that flossing does help.She says it removes bacteria between teeth.

一名32岁的牙医 Joan Otomo-Corgel,美国牙周病学会的成员,她在接受美国国家公共广播电台采访时说，用牙线清洁牙齿确实有帮助。她说，它可以清除牙齿间的细菌。

"If you don't floss,you only clean 60 percent of your teeth,"US

dentist Andrew Swiatowicz told HuffPost."Imagine if you left 40 percent of your body un-showered...Wouldn't you still feel sick ?"

“如果你不使用牙线，你只清洁了60%的牙齿，”美国人说道

牙医Andrew Swiatowicz告诉《赫芬顿邮报》。“想象一下，如果你有40%的身体没有洗澡……你不会觉得恶心吗?”

阅读理解（D)

In 1870,a science fiction novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea written by Jules Verne was published.It gave readers a picture of the deep ocean.In fact,you may know that the ocean is home to tens of thousands of fish,but you may not know that fish cannot explore every part of the ocean.

1870年，儒勒·凡尔纳的科幻小说《海底两万里》出版。它给读者一幅深海的图画。事实上，你可能知道海洋是成千上万鱼的家园，但你可能不知道鱼不能探索海洋的每一部分。

Recent studies have found that the deepest depth a fish can swim is 8,200 meters.This is about three quarters of the depth of the deepest part of the ocean.This is because of a chemical in fishes' cells that is called trimethylamine n-oxide(TMAO).

最近的研究发现，鱼能游到的最深处是8200米。这大约是海洋最深部分深度的四分之三。这是因为鱼类细胞中的一种化学物质叫做三甲胺n-氧化物(TMAO)。

trimethylamine  /traɪ,meθɪlə'min/

For example,if you take a ping-pong ball 10meters underwater,the pressure turns it into a tiny piece of plastic.Most things break down after a certain depth underwater because of the high pressure.

例如，如果你把一个乒乓球放在水下10米，压力会把它变成一小块塑料。由于高压，大多数东西在水下到一定深度后就会分解。

TMAO warns fish of this danger at about 8,200 meters.If fish swim deeper,the TMAO chemical stops working and starts to damage the fishes'brain cells.

TMAO警告在大约8200米处的鱼类有这种危险。如果鱼游得更深，氧化三甲胺(TMAO)化学物质就会停止工作并开始损害鱼的脑细胞。

Although there is life at the bottom of the sea,most fish live within the top 1,000 meters of the ocean.Even sharks,which are often described as the "kings of the ocean",have never swum deeper than 4,000 meters,not even half the depth of the ocean.

虽然海底有生命，但大多数鱼生活在海洋最深处1000米。即使是经常被称为“海洋之王”的鲨鱼，也从未游过4000米以上的深度，甚至不到海洋深度的一半。

Deeper down in the ocean,the most dangerous animals are the deep-sea fish.The anglerfish is one such fish.It lives about 2,000 meters deep in the ocean.There is no sunlight at this depth.But anglerfish can produce light themselves.They use this light to find food.

在海洋深处，最危险的动物是深海鱼类。琵琶鱼就是这样一种鱼。它生活在大约2000米深的海洋中。在这个深度是没有阳光的。但是琵琶鱼自己可以发光。它们用这种光来寻找食物。

Below even these fish is the cusk-eel.These small fish live close to the ocean floor at a depth of 8,000 meters,far out of reach of hungry predators.

在这些鱼的下面是多须鼬鱼。这些小鱼生活在接近海底8000米深的地方，远离饥饿的捕食者。