环境也种族歧视？

Devon Hall has lived most of his nearly seven decades in Duplin County, N.C. The land is flat and green there in the southeastern part of the state, about an hour's drive from the coast.

近70年的时间里，德文·霍尔大部分时间都住在北卡罗来纳州的杜普林县，那里位于该州东南部，地势平坦，绿意盎然，距离海岸大约有一个小时的车程。

It's lovely unless you live downwind of one of the county's many industrial hog farms.

这里很可爱，除非你住在本县众多工业化养猪场的下风处。

"It can get really bad," says Hall, the co-founder of the Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help in Duplin County.

“情况会变得非常糟糕，”杜普林县农村社区帮助赋权协会的联合创始人霍尔说。

There are about 2 million hogs in the county, outnumbering residents by 29 to 1, and they produce a lot of waste.

该县约有200万头生猪，是当地居民的29倍，它们产生了大量垃圾。

Because farmers spray the pig waste on fields as fertilizer, microscopic pieces of feces pollute the air and water.

因为农民把猪粪撒在田里当肥料，微小的粪便碎片污染了空气和水。

For decades, residents have complained that just breathing can make your eyes water and your throat itch and can cause nausea and dizziness.

几十年来，居民们一直抱怨，仅仅呼吸就会让你的眼睛流泪，喉咙发痒，还会导致恶心和头晕。

Hall worked with researchers in the early 2000s to study the health effects of farm pollution.

霍尔在21世纪初开始与研究人员合作，研究农业污染对健康的影响。

Studies found that families living near hog farms have higher rates of infant mortality, kidney disease and respiratory illness.

研究发现，住在养猪场附近的家庭婴儿死亡率、肾脏疾病和呼吸道疾病的发生率较高。

And in Duplin County, it is people of color who are disproportionately harmed.

在杜普林县，有色人种受到了高于应有比例的伤害。

"If you look at the maps," Hall says, "and you begin to look at where these facilities are located, it's pretty much in communities of color."

“如果你看一下地图，”霍尔说，“你会发现这些设施的位置基本上都是在有色人种社区。”

Across the country, disproportionate exposure to pollution threatens the health of people of color, from Gulf Coast towns in the shadow of petrochemical plants to Indigenous communities in the West that are surrounded by oil and gas operations.

在全国范围内，从石化工厂阴影下的墨西哥湾沿岸城镇，到被石油和天然气工厂包围的西部土著社区，高于应有比例的污染威胁着有色人种的健康。

Generations of systemic racism routinely put factories, refineries, landfills and factory farms in Black, brown and poor communities, exposing their residents to far greater health risks from pollution than those in whiter, more affluent places.

一代又一代的系统性种族主义经常把工厂、精炼厂、垃圾填埋场和工厂化农场放在黑人、棕色人种和贫穷的社区，使这些社区的居民面临着比白人富裕地区的居民更大的健康风险。

The federal government has known of environmental injustice for decades.

联邦政府几十年前就知道了这种环境方面的不公平。

Presidents have promised to address it.

历任总统也一直许诺要解决。

But a legacy of weak laws and spotty enforcement has left Black, brown and poor communities mired in pollution and health hazards.

但是，薄弱的法律和良莠不齐的执法使得黑人、棕色人种和贫困社区陷入了污染和健康危害的泥潭。

The federal government, for instance, has repeatedly acknowledged that hog farm pollution is dangerous and that people of color get hit the hardest.

例如，联邦政府一再承认养猪场污染是危险的，有色人种受到的影响最大。

But after studies and community meetings, lawsuits and federal programs meant to address environmental racism, Hall is as frustrated with the government as he is with the polluting companies.

但经过研究、社区会议、诉讼和旨在解决环境种族主义问题的联邦计划，霍尔对政府感到了失望，就像他对污染企业感到失望一样。

"The community has been crying out for years, you know, petitioning EPA," he says, and yet the Environmental Protection Agency has not finalized a method to estimate air pollution from hog farms, let alone cracked down on that pollution.

“社区多年来一直在呼吁，你知道，向环保局请愿，”他说，但环境保护局还没有最终确定一种方法来评估养猪场造成的空气污染，更不用说打击这种污染了。

"Nothing changes," Hall says. "It's frustrating."

“什么都没有改变，”霍尔说。“这真是令人沮丧。”

The Biden administration has pledged an aggressive, broad-based approach to achieve environmental justice.

拜登政府已承诺采取积极、广泛的方式来实现环境公平。

Among a raft of executive actions on the climate Biden signed on Wednesday was one creating a White House council on environmental justice and a pledge that 40% of the benefits from federal investments in clean energy and clean water would go to communities that bear disproportionate pollution.

拜登周三签署了一系列有关气候问题的行政命令，其中包括成立白宫环境正义委员会，以及承诺联邦政府在清洁能源和净水领域的投资将有40%的收益流向污染严重的社区。

Biden's nominee to run the EPA, Michael Regan, would be the first Black man to lead the agency, and top positions in other agencies and within the White House are being filled by people who have spent their careers working on equitable climate and environment policies.

拜登提名迈克尔·里根担任环保署局长，他将是第一位担任环保署局长的黑人，此外，其他机构和白宫内部的高层职位都由致力于公平的气候和环境政策的人担任。

And, Hall says, those who want to use their power to address environmental racism should ask themselves two questions: "How do you give a voice to the voiceless? Who are you going to listen to, and for how long?"

霍尔还说，那些想要利用自己的权力来解决环境种族主义问题的人应该问自己两个问题:“你如何为没有发言权的人发出声音?”你要听谁的?你要听多久?”

问题

文中提到的种族主义是哪一方面的？

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