名人墙=白种男人墙？

A few years ago, TV celebrity Rachel Maddow was at Rockefeller University to hand out a prize that's given each year to a prominent female scientist.

几年前，电视名人雷切尔·马多到了洛克菲勒大学为一位杰出的女科学家颁发一年一度的奖项。

As Maddow entered the auditorium, someone overheard her say, "What is up with the dude wall?"

当马多走进礼堂时，有人听到她说:“这堵男人墙怎么回事?”

She was referring to a wall covered with portraits of scientists from the university who have won either a Nobel Prize or the Lasker Award, a major medical prize.

她指的是一面墙，墙上挂满了该校获得诺贝尔奖或拉斯克奖的科学家的画像,拉斯克奖是一项重要的医学奖。

"One hundred percent of them are men. It's probably 30 headshots of 30 men. So it's imposing," says Leslie Vosshall, a neurobiologist with the university and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

“总共有三十个人的照片，百分之百都是男性，看着还是很壮观的。”莱斯利·沃肖尔说，他是哈佛大学和霍华德·休斯医学研究所的神经生物学家。

Vosshall says Maddow's remark, and the word "dude wall," crystallized something that had been bothering her for years.

沃肖尔说，马多的这番话，以及“男人墙”这个词，清楚地说明了困扰她多年的一个问题。

As she travels around the country to give lectures and attend conferences at scientific institutions, she constantly encounters lobbies, conference rooms, passageways, and lecture halls that are decorated with portraits of white men.

当她周游全国在科学机构发表演讲和参加会议时，她经常会遇到大厅、会议室、走廊和装饰着白人男子画像。

"It just sends the message, every day when you walk by it, that science consists of old white men," says Vosshall.

沃肖尔说:“每天当你经过它的时候，它就会发出一个信息，那就是科学是由年老的白人组成的。”

"I think every institution needs to go out into the hallway and ask, 'What kind of message are we sending with these oil portraits and dusty old photographs?'"

“我认为，每个机构都应该走到走廊上，问自己，'我们用这些油画肖像和满是灰尘的老照片在传递什么样的信息?’”

She's now on a committee that's redesigning that wall of portraits at Rockefeller University, to add more diversity.

她现在是一个委员会的成员，该委员会正在重新设计洛克菲勒大学的肖像墙，以增加其多样性。

And this is hardly the only science or medical institution that's reckoning with its dude wall.

并不是只有她们的大学，别的科学和医学院校也在考虑他们的男人墙。

At Yale School of Medicine, for example, one main building's hallways feature 55 portraits: three women and 52 men.

例如，在耶鲁大学医学院，一栋主楼的走廊上有55幅肖像:3位女性和52位男性。

They're all white.

他们都是白人。

"I don't necessarily always have a reaction. But then there are times when you're having a really bad day — someone says something racist to you, or you're struggling with feeling like you belong in the space — and then you see all those photos and it kind of reinforces whatever you might have been feeling at the time," says Max Jordan Nguemeni Tiako, a medical student at Yale.

“平时不一定有感觉。不过当你心情不好的时候—就是当有人跟你说一些种族主义的话或者你感觉自己似乎不属于这里时—这时候看到这些照片，它们就会有点让你当时的感觉变得更糟，”麦克斯·乔丹·戈麦尼·提亚哥说道，他是耶鲁医学院的一名学生。

He grew up reading Harry Potter books, and in that fictional world, portraits can talk to the characters.

他从小读《哈利波特》长大，在那个虚拟世界里，肖像可以跟书中人物对话。

"If this was Harry Potter," he muses, "if they could speak, what would they even say to me? Everywhere you study, there's a big portrait somewhere of someone kind of staring you down."

“如果这里是《哈利波特》里的世界，”他想着，“如果这些肖像也会说话，他们会对我说什么呢？不管你在哪里学习，都会有一幅大肖像从墙上盯着你。”

Yale medical student Nientara Anderson recently teamed up with fellow student Elizabeth Fitzsousa and associate professor Dr. Anna Reisman to study the effect of this artwork; the results were published in July in the Journal of General Internal Medicine.

耶鲁医学院的学生尼安塔拉·安德森最近与她的同学伊丽莎白· 菲茨欧莎还有副教授安娜·雷斯曼博士合作研究了这些肖像带来影响;研究结果发表在7月份的《普通内科杂志》上。

"Students felt like these portraits were not just ancient, historic things that had nothing to do with their contemporary experience," says Anderson.

“学生们会感觉到这些肖像不仅仅是一些跟自己当下的体验没关系的老古董，”安德森说道。

"They actually felt that the portraits reinforced contemporary issues of exclusion, of racial discrimination — of othering."

“他们其实会觉得这些肖像对于目前的排外或者种族歧视现象是火上浇油。”

Yale has recently been commissioning new portraits, including one of Carolyn Slayman, a geneticist and member of the Yale faculty for nearly 50 years, as well as one of Dr. Beatrix Hamburg, a pioneering developmental psychiatrist and the first black female Yale medical school graduate.

耶鲁最近开始挂上一些新的肖像，包括其中包括遗传学家卡罗琳·斯莱曼，她在耶鲁大学任教了近50年，还有碧翠丝·汉伯格博士的肖像，他是发展心理学的先驱，也是耶鲁医学院第一位黑人女性毕业生。

And there's an ongoing discussion at Yale about what to do with all those old portraits lining the hallways.

关于耶鲁墙上已经挂着的那些老照片该怎么办，人们也在进行讨论。

One option is to move them someplace else.

其中一种做法就是把它们挪到别处去。

That was the approach taken at the department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology at the University of Michigan.

这是密歇根大学分子与综合生理学系采取的方法。

Ally Cara, a Ph.D. student there, says its seminar room "featured portraits of our past department chairs, which happened to be all male."

那里的博士生艾丽·卡拉说，他们的研讨室“展示了我们过去系主任的画像，结果刚好都是男性。”

The 10 or so photographs were lined up in a row.

这十多幅肖像排成一排。

"When our interim chair, Dr. Santiago Schnell began his service a couple years ago, he wanted to bring a more modern update to our seminar room," Cara says, "including bringing down the dude wall and relocating it."

卡拉说:“当我们的临时主席圣地亚哥·施内尔博士几年前开始上任时，他想给我们的研讨室带来一个更现代的更新，包括拆除男人墙，并重新安置它。”

The photos are now in a less noticeable spot: the department chair's office suite.

照片现在放在一个不那么显眼的地方:系主任的办公室套间里。

And the seminar room will soon be decorated with artwork depicting key discoveries made by the department's faculty, students, and trainees.

研讨会的房间将很快装饰上新的肖像，展示教师、学生和实习生的重要发现。

"We really want to emphasize that we're not trying to erase our history," says Cara.

“我们想强调的是我们并没有删去历史，”卡拉说道。

"We're proud of the people who have brought us to where we are today as a department.But we also want to show that we have a diverse and inclusive department."

“我们为带领我们走到今天这一步的人们感到骄傲。但我们也想表明，我们部门是多元化和有包容性的。”

Changes like this can be a sensitive subject.

做这种改动属于敏感话题。

At Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, one of Harvard's teaching hospitals, there's an auditorium that for decades was covered with large portraits of 31 men.

在波士顿的布里格姆女子医院，这里是哈佛大学的教学医院之一，有一个礼堂几十年来一直挂满了31名男性的大幅肖像。

"It made an impression," says Dr. Jeffrey Flier of Harvard Medical School, who first saw the wall of portraits back in the 1970's.

“这会给人留下一种印象，”哈佛医学院的杰弗里·弗莱尔博士说道，他第一次看见这堵墙还是在20世纪70年代。

But recently, he walked in the auditorium and "was taken aback because, instead of this room filled with portraits of historically important figures from the Brigham, the walls were empty."

但最近，他走进礼堂，“大吃一惊，因为这个房间里已经没有了布里格姆博物馆历史上重要人物的画像，而是变得空荡荡的。”

The portraits were relocated to different places around the hospital.

这些肖像被转移到医院周围的不同地方。

And while Flier says he understands why there needed to be a change, he prefers the approach taken in another Harvard meeting place called the Waterhouse Room.

虽然弗莱尔博士说他理解为什么需要做这种改变，但他更喜欢哈佛另一个会议场所沃特豪斯大厅所采取的方法。

It had long been decorated with paintings of former deans, says Flier, and "all of those individuals were white males. I am among them now, hanging up there as the most recent former dean of Harvard Medical School."

弗莱尔说，它长期以来都装饰着前任院长的画像，“所有这些人都是白人男性。我现在也是其中之一，作为哈佛医学院最近的一名前院长，我的画像也挂在那里了。”

But right up there with Flier's portrait are photographs of well-known female and African-American physician-scientists, he says, because his predecessor added them to the walls of that room.

但就在弗莱尔的照片旁边，是一些著名的女性和非洲裔美国医生科学家的照片，他说，因为他的前辈们把这些照片贴在了那个房间的墙上。

"You don't want to take away the history of which you are justifiably proud," says Flier.

弗莱尔说:“你不会想要拿走理应引以为傲的历史。”

"You don't want to make it look like you are embarrassed by that history. Use the space to reflect some of the past history and some of the changing realities that you want to emphasize."

“你不想让别人觉得你对那段历史感到尴尬。我们应该利用这些画像来反映一些过去的历史和一些你想要强调的不断变化的现实。”

But some argue that the old portraits themselves have erased history, by glorifying white men who hold power while ignoring the contributions to science and medicine made by women and people of color.

但一些人认为，这些老画像本身已经抹去了历史，它们颂扬了掌权的白人男性，却忽视了女性和有色人种对科学和医学的贡献。

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