will, would 的区别(涉及混合虚拟语气)

What would you do if it ___tomorrow?

参考译文:如果明天下雨,你们会做什么呢?

We have to carry it on ,since we've got everything ready.

参考译文:我必须继续这件事,因为我们已把一切都准备好了。

A. rain
B. rains
C. will rain
D. is raining

答案为B。请问题干中的would 什么意思和用法?改成will 可否?二者有何区别?

回答:可以把'would rain ' 改为 'will rain',它们的区别如下:

回答如下:

你的理解基本上是正确的。

以上句子为if引导的条件状语从句,其从句谓语动词一般用一般现在时态表示一般将来;而主句用一般将来时态表将来;从句用一般过去时态表示一般过去将来,主句用过去将来时态表示一般过去将来,因此正确答案为B rains ,至于主句用would 这里表示推测语气,属于助动词用法表示虚拟语气或者情态动词使用表示语气更加委婉的用法。如果用了will 表示一种陈述语气。

(1) What will you do if it rains tomorrow?(从句和主句都是陈述语气。)

如果明天雨你将做什么?

(2) What would you do if it rains tomorrow?(从句陈述语气,主句虚拟语气/属于语气委婉)

如果明天下雨,你会做什么呢?

(3) What would you do if it rained tomorrow?(主从句都是对将来虚拟语气)

假设明天下雨,你会干什么呢?

备注1:would +动词原形表示对现在/将来的假设的虚拟语气,would 与动词原形一起使用表示一般过去将来时态,属于助动词用法。

A:表示虚拟语气用法的助动词,一般在非真实条件句更为常见。

结构为:主语+would +动词原形

If I had time,I would study French.(对现在事实假设虚拟用法。)

如果我有时间,我会学习法语的。
If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.

如果她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的。

If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.(对将来事实假设虚拟用法。

如果明天天气好,我就去买东西。

They would be killed if the car went over the cliff.

如果汽车翻在悬崖下, 他们就会丧命。

B:表示一般过去将来用法的助动词,一般在宾语从句中更为常见

结构为:主语+would +动词原形

He said he would come.

他说他要来。

I didn’t know if he would come.

我不知道他是否会来.

They never knew that population would become a big problem.

他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题.

She didn’t tell me where she would go.

她没有告诉我她要去哪儿.

Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.

贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城

(备注2:would作为情态动词使用 还表示一种比will语气更加委婉,更加客气的用法,一般用于一般疑问句更为常见,would you please +动词原形结构;Would you like to do /sth)

Would you mind if I opened the window?
我打开窗户你不介意吧?

Would you kindly show me the way to the station?

劳驾, 请问到车站的路怎么走?

Would you help me with the report?
你愿意帮我写报告吗?

Would you like some tea ?

Would you please give me a piece of paper?
能给我一张纸吗?

Would you please lend me your pencil?
请把铅笔借给我用用好吗?

Darling, would you please wait a second.
亲爱的,请稍等片刻。

Would you please direct me to the zoo?
请问去动物园怎么走?

Would you please explain the theme in detail?
您是否能详细地说明一下主题?

Would you please interpret for me?
请你为我翻译一下好吗?

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