一课一题一语法：新概念英语第2册第77课
【往期回顾】
1. She _has arrived_ (arrive) in Paris already.
2. The train _arrived_ (arrive) at the station eight minutes ago.
3. Look! They _are playing_ (play) basketball in the gym for two hours.
4. He seldom _goes_ (go) to school by car.
5. We _will pick_ (pick) you up tomorrow afternoon.
【本期内容】
下面我们继续本周《新概念英语2》第77课的重点句型或语法的分享。先来读一读课文：
一、课文原文
Lesson 77 A successful operation
The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation.
本课主要是复习第5课、第29课和第53课所学的一般过去时、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的内容。
（一）一般过去时
1、构成方式
主语 + was / were / did + 其他成分
如：
He was here just now. They went to the park yesterday.
2、基本用法
表示过去发生的事情。如：
I played basketball in the gym two hours ago.
这句话只是在客观描述过去“I”做了什么事情。
3、标志词
1）yesterday系列
2）last系列
3）ago系列
4）in+过去年份或年代
5）this系列
6）短语系列（如just now、the other day）
如：
He was born in the 1980s.
She met the famous movie star the other day.
（二）现在完成时
1、构成方式
主语 + have/has done + 其他成分
如：
She has already finished her job.
2、基本用法
表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果。如：
He has had lunch.
这句话的字面意思是“他已经吃过中饭了”，其中吃中饭的动作是过去发生的，但这句话的潜台词可能是“他已经饱了，或者不想再吃东西了”等。
试对比：
He had lunch just now.
这句话的意思是“他刚才吃了中饭”，是对过去事情的客观描述，不强调对现在的影响。
3、标志词
1）already/just/never/ever/yet
2）for+一段时间或since+具体时间/从句（过去式）
3）次数
4）recently/lately
5）so far / up to now
6）in the past/last +一段时间
如：
He has lived here for ten years.
So far, we have not received any letter from her.
（三）现在完成进行时
1、构成方式
sb. + have/has been doing + 其他成分
如：
She has been reading for one hour.
2、基本用法
表过去发生的事情持续到现在还在进行。如：
They have been swimming in the lake for three hours.
3、标志词
与现在完成时的标志词基本相同，除了“already / just / never / ever / yet”。如：
They have just played the game.
They have been playing the game for twenty minutes.
三、一课一题
根据本课的复习内容，让我们来练一练吧，请根据句子的前后文，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The girl _____ (stay) in the room alone for thirty minutes.
2. The man _____ (give) her a glass of water ten minutes ago.
3. She _____ (have) two cups of coffee up to now.