Bolide

For the Swedish guided missile, see RBS 70.

A bolide (/ˈboʊlaɪd/; Italian via Latin from the Greek βολίς bolís, 'missile'[2][3]) is an extremely bright meteor, especially one that explodes in the atmosphere. In astronomy, it refers to a fireball about as bright as the full moon, and it is generally considered a synonym for a fireball. In geology, a bolide is a very large impactor.

A bolide – a very bright meteor of an apparent magnitude of −14 or brighter
World map of bolide events (1994–2013)[1]

One definition describes a bolide as a fireball reaching an apparent magnitude of −14 or brighter — more than twice as bright as the full moon.[4] Another definition describes a bolide as any generic large crater-forming impacting body whose composition (for example, whether it is a rocky or metallic asteroid, or an icy comet) is unknown.[5]

A superbolide is a bolide that reaches an apparent magnitude of −17 or brighter,[4][6] which is roughly 100 times brighter than the full moon. Recent examples of superbolides include the Sutter's Mill meteorite in California and the Chelyabinsk meteor in Russia.

Contents

  • 1 Astronomy

    • 1.1 Superbolide
  • 2 Geology
  • 3 Gallery
  • 4 See also
  • 5 References
  • 6 External links

AstronomyEdit

Animation of a bolide's atmospheric entry and air-burst

The IAU has no official definition of 'bolide', and generally considers the term synonymous with fireball, a brighter-than-usual meteor; however, the term generally applies to fireballs reaching an apparent magnitude −14 or brighter.[4] Astronomers tend to use bolide to identify an exceptionally bright fireball, particularly one that explodes (sometimes called a detonating fireball).[7] It may also be used to mean a fireball that is audible.

SuperbolideEdit

Selected superbolide air-bursts events:

GeologyEdit

Geologists use the term bolide in a somewhat different context than astronomers do. In geology, it indicates a very large impactor. For example, the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center of the USGS uses bolide for any large crater-forming impacting body whose origin and composition is unknown, as, for example, whether it was a stony or metallic asteroid, or a less dense, icy comet made of volatiles, such as water, ammonia and methane.[5]

GalleryEdit

Footage of a superbolide exploding over Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia in 2013.
A bolide from the Geminids meteor shower (SAO RAS, vmag  −3) in December 2010.
Tunguska event of 1908 (imaged by a Soviet expedition in 1927).

See alsoEdit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bolide.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ 'We are not Alone: Government Sensors Shed New Light on Asteroid Hazards'. Universe Today. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  2. ^ 'Definition of BOLIDE'. merriam-webster.com.
  3. ^ 'bolide'. Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  4. ^ a b c Belton, MJS (2004). Mitigation of hazardous comets and asteroids. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521827647.:156
  5. ^ a b 'Introduction: What is a Bolide?'. Woodshole.er.usgs.gov. 1 April 1998. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  6. ^ Adushkin, Vitaly; Ivan Nemchinov (2008). Catastrophic events caused by cosmic objects. Springer. ISBN 978-1402064524.:133
  7. ^ 'bolide'. Oxford Dictionary of Astronomy. Retrieved 1 September 2019.

External linksEdit

Look up bolide in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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