TE||An army underground
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赵康民
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An army underground
地下军队
英文部分选自经济学人Obituary版块
Zhao Kangmin died on May 16th
The discoverer of China’s terracotta warriors was 81
秦兵马俑发现第一人赵康民于5月16日去世，享年81岁
WHO is the true discoverer of a buried work of art? Is it the man who stumbles on it and digs it from the earth? Or is it the person who, turning up later, understands its importance? Fame and fortune often hang on the answer—especially when the work is hailed, by many, as the eighth wonder of the world.
谁是那批埋藏的艺术品的真正发现者？是偶然掘出艺术品的那个人？还是那个后来发现这批艺术品价值的人？答案被名利所蒙蔽，尤其是很多人惊叹它为世界八大奇迹之一时。
Zhao Kangmin cared for neither fame nor fortune, but he treasured historical accuracy. When visitors came to the museum in Lintong, in Shaanxi province in north-west China, where he was curator for 40 years (and still sat most afternoons, in his trilby hat, after he retired), he would hand them a business card. It described him as “the very first man who discovered, determined, restored and unearthed the world-famous Terracotta Warriors and horses.” The vital word was “determined”. When he was called out in April 1974 to look at some “relics” found in a nearby wheatfield, almost flying from his bicycle with excitement, he knew at once what they were.
赵康民一生淡泊名利，唯独珍视历史精确性。他担任陕西临潼博物馆馆长达40年（退休后，大多数下午他仍来到馆内，戴着一顶毛呢帽，坐在那里），游客们到此参观，他都会给他们递上名片，上面写着他是“发现、鉴定、修复和出土享誉世界的兵马俑第一人”，其中，最重要的是“鉴定”二字。1974年4月，他得知附近田地里挖出一些“瓦人”后，兴奋不已，骑上自行车飞奔而去，他当即就辩认出了这些艺术品。
The farmer-finders, all brothers from the Yang family, had been digging for water to feed their pomegranate and persimmon trees. As they unearthed arrowheads, bricks and body-parts of what later emerged as the Terracotta Army, they threw them away into the wheat unless they were sellable. The finding of the first more-than-lifesize head, rising from the land of the dead, spooked them horribly; they took it for an earth-god. All the same Yang Zhifa, their spokesman, was quite prepared to dump the whole lot in the river unless they could get money for them.
发现兵马俑的农民，杨姓家族的所有兄弟，那时都在为自家的石榴和柿子树挖掘水源。当他们挖掘出后来被认定属于兵马俑的箭头、砖块和身体部位后，把觉得不能卖钱的东西都扔进了麦地里。他们在墓地第一次发现一个比真人大小的头部略大的雕像时，大受惊吓；他们把它奉为土地爷。他们的发言代表杨志发也是一样，除非能卖钱，他也是打算把这些都扔到河里。
It was Mr Zhao who told them that these things were from the Qin dynasty of 221-206BC, the first imperial dynasty of a united China, and that they must stop digging. As a former farmer, he understood their frustration as they stood sulkily smoking; he gave them 30 yuan for their trouble. But after years of loving history he was now a self-taught archaeologist, who at 24 had been asked to run the Lintong Museum, the only one in the county. In 1962 he had himself unearthed three terracotta crossbowmen. Many times, out in the fields, he had found bricks with patterning he knew to be Qin. Now, by the half-dug well, he knew it again. So he reverently gathered up the “dead” limbs, down to the tiniest fragments, wrapped them in linen and took them to his museum. There he stayed all night, washing them.
是赵先生告诉他们的，这些文物是来自公元前221到206年的秦朝，中国第一个统一的帝王时代，并且他们必须停止挖掘。赵先生之前也是一位农民，因此他能够理解这些人闷闷不乐站着抽烟时的沮丧；为此他给了他们30元。但在热爱历史多年以后，他现在已经自学成为一位考古学家，并且在24岁时就经营着镇子上唯一一家博物馆，临潼博物馆。1962年，他自己发现了3个十字弓手兵马俑。在那块区域，他多次找到上面有着秦朝图案的砖块。当时，在挖了一半的井旁，他又发现了一些。因此，他虔诚地收集“死人的”四肢，连最细小的碎片也不放过，用亚麻布包住它们，带回自己的博物馆。一整个晚上都在那清洗它们。
Over the next three days, using epoxy glue and plaster, he pieced together two warriors. They towered over him. Their ruler, the First Emperor of Qin, had governed by force, and his masterful tyranny was clear from written records; but here was a portrait in hard clay of a soldier guarding him in the afterlife, with his top-knot, boots and wrap-around coat. It made Mr. Zhao’s heart leap to see him.
在接下来的三天里，他用环氧树脂和石膏修复了两个武士俑，它们比他还高。秦始皇的专权尚武在文献中已有清晰记载;但眼前用硬陶烧治的为在他死后保卫他的御林军，栩栩如生的发髻、短靴和铠甲，还是让赵康民深感震撼。
All the same, he did not mention the warriors for some time. He was a quiet man. And he feared, too, that Mao’s Cultural Revolution was not yet over. Earlier on Red Guards had smashed a Qin statue in the museum, and he had been forced to do public self-criticism for “encouraging feudalism” by caring for “old things”. He refused to apologise, since with his fieldwork in all weathers, rising on the dot at 4am, and the hours spent in his tiny bookshelved study, at his desk set out with one page and one pen, he had done nothing incorrect. If he was incorrect, it was in failing to visit his parents as much as a son should.
尽管如此，他并没有马上报告武士俑的事。一来他本不爱张扬，二来更担心文革还没结束，勿生事端。早些时候，红卫兵砸了博物馆里的一尊秦雕像，赵康民却被公开批斗，因为“保护旧物”犯了“鼓励封建主义”的罪。因为拒绝认罪，他不论什么天气都要凌晨4点就起来下地干农活。在逼仄的小屋里，桌上放着一张纸和一支笔。这是给他坦白用的，可他并没有做错任何事。如果真有什么事做的不对，那就是作为儿子没能去探望父母。
In the end, though, he could not resist a flash of justified pride, showing a journalist from the Xinhua news agency his “terracotta warrior of the Qin dynasty”. First he had discovered them; now he had named them. Once the national authorities were alerted, proper excavation started, and he joined the team that eventually uncovered three huge pits filled with around 8,000 infantrymen, officers and archers, 520 horses, 130 chariots, and real, sharp, weapons. In 1979 the Museum of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses was opened above the pits. By 2017 it had drawn 100m visitors, and Lintong, once a huddle of mud buildings, had a university, hotels and a vast industry of terracotta-warrior-making.
不过最终，他还是止不住流露出一丝自豪感，这原也是人之常情，他向（回临潼探亲的）新华社记者展示了他的“秦代武士俑”。是他最早发现了秦俑；现在又是他给他们起了名字。秦俑的发现马上引起了中央政府的重视，正规的考古发掘工作随之开展起来。他参加了考古发掘队，他们总共发现了三座巨大的兵马俑坑，挖掘出8,000多件陶俑包括步兵俑、军官俑、弓箭手俑和520匹战马俑、130辆战车俑，以及大量真正锋利的武器。1979年，建立在兵马俑坑原址上的兵马俑博物馆开馆。到2017年，博物馆接待游客达1亿人次，而临潼，这片曾经贫瘠的土地上也建起了一所大学，数家酒店，以及发展起了一个因兵马俑而繁盛起来庞大产业。
注释：
赵康民发现兵马俑相关阅读
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?src=11×tamp=1528880356&ver=935&signature=IvDFMZwnvjds0Ad3LBbZp37SVEDk4oHi1OEm1zRDqJzl-pn5VkL*YrAWNPbdVjyUihXD8C1VLuPk3g1GF3asppMOZgGLoRNvo6HaXfF8GAWD*aSAcbpAItoS1HqcYLlG&new=1
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?src=11×tamp=1528880356&ver=935&signature=RjkhKHUrnD1VtoRxfj9ociewpHp-1z5Qiidz2IMBs45pg710TKjavWmp0jcQKbw8NifIhxQu0*i5tjvVl1TpSFMe8eEcOkycwiliYBGkc0qVYeHRjOW7LE1L56ytpEgV&new=1
Mr Zhao did not attach himself to the new complex. The Lintong Museum was his life, and other eras occupied him besides the Qin. He directed excavations of a palace and a temple from the Tang dynasty of 618-907; a whole room of his three-room museum was devoted to Tang art. Another held Buddhist stelae, his special interest, with inscriptions he had painstakingly rubbed and transcribed. Amid all this, the warriors took their place. He followed, but did not join, the debates about them: most controversially, whether this astonishing jump in scale and expertise was the result of contact with ancient Greece.
赵康民对于周围新出现的繁华喧嚣视而不见。临潼博物馆才是他生命的全部，除了秦朝，他对其他朝代也很感兴趣。他领导发掘了唐朝时期（公元618-907年）的一座宫殿和一座庙宇；他的博物馆有三个房间，其中一整间全用来收藏唐代艺术品，另外一间则收藏着他特别感兴趣的佛教石碑，上面的碑文是他费尽心血打磨誊写出来的。在众多的展品之中，秦武士俑也赫然在列。他也关注着兵马俑相关的争论，但未参与其中：最具争议的焦点是兵马俑在规模和雕刻技术方面的惊人提升是不是源自与古希腊的接触。
Waiting for visitors
等候游客
In 1990 the State Council officially recognised him as their discoverer, and awarded him a special pension. The new museum, however, did not refer to him. It was Yang Zhifa who haunted the souvenir shop, signing autographs as the finder of the warriors. Meanwhile, five kilometres away, Mr Zhao sat beside his mended warriors in a darkened room of his museum, waiting. He had redesigned the building in the 1980s in brightly painted traditional style, expecting a crowd of visitors, but few came—save his wife, most days, with his lunch of steamed buns. When others turned up, his card spoke for him.
1990年，国务院正式承认赵康民为兵马俑的发现者，奖励了他一项特殊津贴。但是，新博物馆并没有提及赵康民。在纪念品商店，杨志发一直在四处签名，声称自己是兵马俑发现者。与此同时，在五公里外，赵康民先生在自己的博物馆阴暗的屋子里，和他修复的战士坐在一起，等待着游客的到来。他重新把八十年代的这些建筑修复成传统的风格，等待着游客到来参观，但可惜基本没有人来，大部分时间只有他的妻子来送白馍馍给他当午饭。当其他人出现时，他的名片会为他正名。
翻译组：
Li Xia，女， HR, 经济学人发烧友
Yi，女，财务民工，经济学人爱好者
Cece，女，消防工作者，CATTI三笔
Samantha，女，滑冰狂人，邓伦未婚妻
Lucia ，女，翻译学硕士三年制，经济学人粉丝
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Yao，男，英专本科生，北大苗子
Lee，男，医学英译 Timberland爱好者
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