沈琳教授多学科团队JCO发表新作:早期营养及心理干预可降低晚期食管胃癌患者32%的死亡风险
基于上述背景,由北京大学肿瘤医院消化肿瘤内科沈琳教授牵头建立了晚期食管胃癌支持治疗多学科团队,该团队由消化肿瘤内科、康复科、营养科共同参与,创新性地建立首个针对胃食管癌早期支持治疗平台,并首次开展了早期营养及心理干预联合一线标准治疗对比标准治疗在晚期食管胃癌患者的随机对照Ⅲ期临床研究。
图1 早期多学科支持治疗团队工作模式图
2015年4月16日至2017年12月29日,本研究共纳入328例初诊晚期食管胃癌患者,以2∶1随机分配至ESC组(n=214)或SC组(n=114)。其中,328例患者作为ITT(intention-to-treat)人群进行主要研究终点分析,306例患者作为PP(per protocol)人群进行次要研究终点分析。入组流程见图2。
截止2019年1月26日,232例(70%)患者死亡,15例(5%)患者失访。ESC组接受一线化疗的中位周期数为5周期(IQR 4~7),SC组接受一线化疗的中位周期数为4周期(IQR 2~6)。ESC组患者中位OS较SC组显著延长[14.8个月(95%CI:13.3~16.3)vs 11.9个月(95% CI:9.6~13.6);HR 0.68,95% CI:0.51~0.9;P=0.021],具有统计学意义,达到主要研究终点(图3)。
两组患者在基线及第9周的生活质量评分结果见图4。ESC组患者干预治疗后9周的情绪功能和认知功能显著提高。通过多变量回归对基线QoL评分进行校正后,ESC干预对情绪功能的校正后效应值为5.87(95% CI:0.05~11.69;P=0.048),对认知功能的校正后效应值为5.77(95% CI:0.28~11.25;P =0.039)。
ESC组和SC组的ORR分别为32%(95% CI:25.7~38.9)和27%(95% CI:18.9~36.8)。AEs事件数分别为ESC组181/20(89%)、SC组89/103(86%)。两组患者AEs发生率比较无统计学意义。两组患者均未发生支持治疗相关的不良反应或非预期反应。
目前,我国肿瘤科医生对于患者的营养及心理干预普遍缺乏专业的培训和足够的重视,患者对肿瘤及支持治疗的认识也存在明显的不足。这必将导致大多数患者在出现显著营养和心理异常后才进行干预,延误抗肿瘤治疗时机。本研究首次针对晚期食管胃癌患者建立早期多学科支持治疗模式,提倡早期监测、早期干预的治疗理念,并证实早期进行营养及心理干预可显著改善患者生存预后。该研究结果为现有的临床实践提供了高级别、直接、有力的循证医学证据,必将对晚期食管胃癌的整体治疗策略产生革命性的改变。未来我们应继续优化并推广该支持治疗模式,从整体上提高我国胃食管癌的治疗水平,为患者带去更多的福音。
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北京大学肿瘤医院副院长、消化肿瘤内科主任、北京市肿瘤防治研究所副所长