【罂粟摘要】婴儿期接触异氟醚会影响社会行为，但不会损害幼年期非人灵长类的特定认知范围
婴儿期接触异氟醚会影响社会行为，但不会损害幼年期非人灵长类的特定认知范围
翻译：牛振瑛 编辑：佟睿 审核：曹莹
贵州医科大学 高鸿教授课题组
临床研究表明，婴儿时短暂接触麻醉剂的儿童在智力测试中表现正常，但表现出不同的社会行为。在非人类灵长类动物(NHP)中，婴儿期几个小时的麻醉暴露会导致神经行为损伤，包括运动反射发育延迟和通过刺激反应测试评估的焦虑相关行为增加。然而，麻醉对幼年NHP自发社会行为的影响尚未被研究。我们假设，在婴儿NHP中，多次的5小时异氟醚暴露与幼年时期特定认知领域的损害和社会行为的改变有关。
每组8只恒河猴，研究组在出生后第6天到第12天之间用异氟醚进行一（1×）或三（3×）次麻醉，每次5小时，对照组则暴露在室内空气中。在出生后的前2年内进行认知测试、家庭环境中的行为评估和激发反应测试。
三组NHPs在认知功能方面没有差异。但是，与对照组相比，3×异氟醚暴露组的NHPs表现出的亲近社会行为较差(P=0.016)，1×异氟醚暴露组的NHPs焦虑相关行为增加(P=0.038)，对新事物的排斥程度更高(P<0.001)。
在婴儿期多次暴露于异氟醚5小时与亲密社会行为减少有关、单次暴露与焦虑相关行为和行为抑制增加相关。但它们并不影响测试的认知域。我们的发现与临床研究中报告的社会环境中的行为改变是一致的，这可能会指导未来的研究。
Neudecker V, Perez-Zoghbi JF, Coleman K, et,al.Infant isoflurane exposure affects social behaviours, but does not impair specific cognitive domains in juvenile non-human primates[J].Br J Anaesth.2021 Feb; 126(2): 486-499. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.10.015.
Infant isoflurane exposure affects social behaviours, but does not impair specific cognitive domains in juvenile non-human primates
Background: Clinical studies show that children exposed to anaesthetics for short times at young age perform normally on intelligence tests, but display altered social behaviours. In non-human primates (NHPs), infant anaesthesia exposure for several hours causes neurobehavioural impairments, including delayed motor reflex development and increased anxiety-related behaviours assessed by provoked response testing. However, the effects of anaesthesia on spontaneous social behaviours in juvenile NHPs have not been investigated. We hypothesised that multiple, but not single, 5 h isoflurane exposures in infant NHPs are associated with impairments in specific cognitive domains and altered social behaviours at juvenile age.
Methods: Eight Rhesus macaques per group were anaesthetised for 5 h using isoflurane one (1×) or three (3×) times between postnatal days 6 and 12 or were exposed to room air (control). Cognitive testing, behavioural assessments in the home environment, and provoked response testing were performed during the first 2 yr of life.
Results: The cognitive functions tested did not differ amongst groups. However, compared to controls, NHPs in the 3×group showed less close social behaviour (P=0.016), and NHPs in the 1×group displayed increased anxiety-related behaviours (P=0.038) and were more inhibited towards novel objects (P<0.001).
Conclusions: 5 h exposures of NHPs to isoflurane during infancy are associated with decreased close social behaviour after multiple exposures and more anxiety-related behaviours and increased behavioural inhibition after single exposure, but they do not affect the cognitive domains tested. Our findings are consistent with behavioural alterations in social settings reported in clinical studies, which may guide future research.
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