“牛、羊脂肪”和“牛、羊油脂”的区别与归类
协调制度在15.02“牛、羊脂肪,但品目15.03的货品除外”下拆有子目1502.10“牛、羊油脂”和1502.90“其他”。(注:2012年协调制度转版拆分)
15.02 牛、羊脂肪,但品目15.03的货品除外:
10 — 牛、羊油脂
90 — 其他
由于在中文环境下,品目15.02所列“牛、羊脂肪”与子目1502.10“牛、羊油脂”的含义相近,故归类实践中常见将牛、羊脂肪不加区分地按“牛、羊油脂”归入1502.10的现象。但从1502.10子目条文的英文版本与15.02品目注释的相关规定看,这种理解其实并不妥当。
15.02品目条文所称“牛、羊脂肪”的原文为“Fats of bovine animals, sheep or goats”,1502.10子目条文“牛、羊油脂”的原文则为“Tallow”。
根据《韦氏大学英语词典》对于tallow的解释:
the white nearly tasteless solid rendered fat of cattle and sheep used chiefly in soap, candles, and lubricants.
因此,子目1502.10所列“Tallow”是以经过炼制(rendered)为特征的一类牛、羊脂肪,而非泛指所有的牛、羊油脂。未经炼制的牛、羊脂肪应归入子目1502.90,但条款及注释规定不能归入品目15.02的产品除外。
这一结论亦可从15.02品目注释的相关规定中得以验证,但在品目注释中,“tallow”被译作了“牛羊脂”,而非子目条文的“牛、羊油脂”。
15.02 牛、羊脂肪,但品目15.03的货品除外:
10 — 牛、羊油脂
90 — 其他
本品目包括牛、山羊或绵羊内脏及肌肉周围的脂肪,其中以牛脂为最重要。这些脂肪可以是生的(鲜、冷或冻的)、干的、熏的、盐腌或盐渍的,也可以是炼制的油脂状(牛羊脂)。其炼制方法与品目15.01的相同。本品目还包括压榨或溶剂提取的脂肪。
“原汁”是最高级的食用牛羊脂。它是白色或淡黄色固体产品。新鲜时无味,暴露于空气后会产生一种特殊的酸败气味。
牛羊脂几乎全部由油酸、硬脂酸及软脂酸的甘油脂组成。
牛羊脂用于制食用油脂、润滑剂、肥皂、蜡烛、皮革鞣料、动物饲料等。
本品目还包括从牛、山羊或绵羊骨头及废料制得的脂肪。品目15.01的相应注释同样适用于本品目的骨脂及脂肪。
15.02 - Fats of bovine animals, sheep or goats, other than those of heading 15.03
1502.10 — Tallow
1502.90 — Other
This heading covers the fat surrounding the viscera and muscles of bovine animals, sheep or goats, that from bovine animals being the most important. This fat may be raw (fresh, chilled or frozen), salted, in brine, dried, smoked or in the form of rendered fat (tallow). The rendering processes used are the same as those for obtaining the fats of heading 15.01. The heading also covers fats obtained by pressing or solvent-extraction.
“Premier jus” (oleo stock) is the best grade of edible tallow. It is a solid white or yellowish product which is odourless if of recent preparation but develops a characteristic rancid odour after exposure to air.
Tallow is almost exclusively composed of glycerides of oleic, stearic and palmitic acids.
Tallow is used for the preparation of edible fats or of lubricants, in the manufacture of soap or candles, for dressing leather, in the preparation of animal feeds, etc.
The heading also includes bone fat and fats obtained from waste, of bovine animals, sheep or goats. The description of the corresponding fats in the Explanatory Note to heading 15.01 applies also to such fats of this heading.
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