“学好英语语法从这些概念开始”之名词
今天我们就先来了解有关名词的主要概念及其用法详解：
一、主要概念
（一）名词（noun）
A word that refers to a person or thing, for example book, John, country, London, or friendship. Different types of noun include abstract/concrete, collective/individual, countable/uncountable(mass), common/proper, gerund/verbal.
名词是指用来表示人或物的名称的词语（如book、John）。名词可分为抽象名词和具体名词、普通名词和专有名词、集体名词和个体名词、可数名词和不可数名词、动名词等。
（二）抽象名词（abstract noun）与具体名词（concrete noun）
1、抽象名词
A noun which refers to an idea, quality, or state (e.g. warmth, liberty, happiness), rather than a physical thing that can be seen or touched.
用来指代想法、品质或状态等（如warmth、liberty、happiness）看不见、摸不着的事物的名词。
2、具体名词
A noun which refers to a physical person or thing that can be seen, felt, heard, etc. For example, child, horse, and house are all concrete nouns.
用来指代可见、可闻、可触摸的人或物的名词（如child、horse）。
（三）普通名词（common noun）与专有名词（proper noun）
1、普通名词
Any noun which refers to a person, animal, or thing in general: woman, dog, and bed are all common nouns.
任何用来笼统指代人、动物或其他事物的名词（如woman、dog、bed）。
2、专有名词
A noun that identifies a particular person or thing (e.g. John, Italy, London, Monday, Windsor Castle). In written English, proper nouns begin with capital letters.
用来指代特定的人或物的名词（如John、London）。专有名词首字母一般都要大写。
（四）集体名词（collective noun）与个体名词（individual noun）
1、集体名词
A noun which refers to a group of people or things, e.g. team, family, police, committee.
用来指代一群人或物的名词（如team、family）。
2、个体名词
A noun which refers to an independent person or thing or organization, e.g. student, banana, school.
用来指代可以单个独立存在的人、物、团体的名词（如student、banana、school）。
（五）可数名词（countable noun）与不可数名词（uncountable noun）
1、可数名词
A noun that refers to something that can be counted and has both singular and plural forms, such as cat/cats, woman/women, family/families.
用来指代方便以数目来计算的名词（如woman/women、cat/cats）。
2、不可数名词
A noun that refers to something that can't be counted, and which does not regularly have a plural form, e.g. rain, darkness, happiness, or humour.
用来指代不便以数目计算的名词（如rain、darkness）。
其实，英语里所谓的不可数名词不是指真的不可数，而不是不方便数：）
（六）动名词（verbal noun）
The present participle of a verb when it's used as a noun (e.g. 'smoking' in 'Smoking is strictly forbidden.'). Also called gerund.
动词的现在分词形式可以用作名词，此时就叫做动名词。比如：Smoking is strictly forbidden. 句中的smoking就用作了动名词，在句中充当主语。
二、名词用法详解
具体内容，请参考下面的文章：