每课一句：新概念第2册第57课
【往期回顾】
今天我们接着来看第57课的“每课一句”。
一、课文原文
Lesson 57 Can I help you, madam?
A woman in blue jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
——选自《新概念英语》第二册，外语教学与研究出版社，1997年10月第1版
二、每课一句
Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.
这句话属于从句改为短语结构的用法。
出于简洁表达的需要，英语中的很多从句可以改为短语结构。这种情况下，往往主句和从句的主语都是一致的。
比如，上面这句话中的Glancing at her scornfully，其实其原句是：
While he was glancing at her scornfully, ...
其实，这句话中的连词while是可以保留的，即当改为短语时，可以这样改：
While glancing at her scornfully, ...
在本文中，类似的句子用法还有：
After seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress.
句中的After seeking out the rude assistant其实完整原形应该是：
After she sought out the rude assistant ...
本文中还有类似的句子用法：
Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.
句中的Not realizing who she was的完整原形应该是：
Because she did not realize who she was, ...
再比如文中还有类似的句子用法：
She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
句中的before finally buying the dress she had first asked for的完整原形应该是：
... before she finally bought the dress she had first asked for.
以上从句如果要改为短语结构，其基本方法是：
1、去掉从句中的连词（也可以保留）；2、去掉从句中与主句相同的主语；3、从句中的动词如果是主动语态，则改为doing形式；如果是被动语态，则去掉be done by中的be或者把have/has/had done中的have/has/had改为having。
【注意】
如果从句谓语动词里还有情态动词、助动词will/would等，则不能改为短语结构。比如下面这句话：
If he could help me tomorrow, I would be able to finish the project on time.
这句话中的if条件状语从句因为含有情态动词could，所以就无法改为短语结构了。
三、更多拓展
She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.
句中的dressed in a fur coat是过去分词短语用作伴随状语的用法，用来描述她第二天早上是穿着什么衣服回到之前的商店的。
而with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other是独立主格用作伴随状语的用法，用来描述她手里拿着什么东西。
独立主格中的with可以省略。不过，在这句话中，因为有两个伴随状语，为了避免引起误解，如果要去掉with，原句可以改为：
Dressed in a fur coat, she returned to the shop the following morning, a handbag in one hand and a long umbrellas in the other.
