译文| 诗“译”春光,许渊冲翻译的这些诗太美了!(二)
翻译界泰斗许渊冲先生毕生致力于中西文化互译工作,已经出版中、英、法文著作100多部,其中中国古代诗词几乎占到了一半。
而“春天”正是他特别钟爱的翻译对象。
许渊冲在翻译古诗时自有一套理论。他认为,翻译是追求两种语言的“双赢”,求真是低标准,求美是高标准;等值的翻译容易失掉诗的精华,并且难以出精品。
与其将诗翻译得味同嚼蜡,嘴里像嚼着一大块黄油面包似的,不如在不失真的情况下使其优化和再创,以确保原诗的内蕴和存意不流失,在音形上更熨帖、更醒豁,使读者能从中体味诗词艺术的音韵之美。
为了追求译诗艺术的高峰,许渊冲在翻译上遵循孔子提出的“从心所欲不逾矩”的理念,提出“以创补失”“美化之艺术”的中国学派翻译理论,即“意美、音美、形美”三美论、“浅化、等化、深化”三化论和“知之、乐之、好之”三之论,成为翻译理论界的一大成果。
今天,我们一起来边读许老的翻译,边欣赏诗意春光吧。
Happy Rain on a Spring Night (Excerpts)
Du Fu
好雨知时节,当春乃发生。
Good rain knows its time right;
It will fall when comes spring.
随风潜入夜,润物细无声。
With wind it steals in night;
Mute, it moistens each thing.
野径云俱黑,江船火独明。
O’er wild lanes dark cloud spreads;
In boat a lantern looms.
晓看红湿处,花重锦官城。
Dawn sees saturated reds;
The town’s heavy with blooms.
steal v. 偷;窃取;偷偷地(或悄悄地)移动;[棒球] 偷(垒) n. 偷垒
moisten /ˈmɔɪsn/ v. (使)变得潮湿,变得湿润
loom v. 赫然耸现;(尤指)令人惊恐地隐现;显得突出;逼近 n. 织布机
saturated /ˈsætʃəreɪtɪd/ adj. 湿透;浸透;(溶液)饱和的;(颜色)深的;浓的
Spring on the Southern Rivershore
Du Mu
千里莺啼绿映红,水村山郭酒旗风。
Orioles sing for miles amid red blooms and green trees;
By hills and rills wine shop streamers wave in the breeze.
南朝四百八十寺,多少楼台烟雨中。
Four hundred eighty splendid temples still remain;
Of Southern Dynasties in the mist and rain.
oriole /ˈɔːriəʊl/ n. 拟黄鹂(产于北美洲,雄鸟毛色黑与橘黄间隔,雌鸟黄绿色);黄鹂(产于欧洲,雄鸟毛色鲜黄,双翼黑色)
streamer /ˈstriːmə(r)/ n. 装饰彩纸条;条幅;横幅
Peach Blossoms in the Temple of Great Forest
Bai Juyi
人间四月芳菲尽,山寺桃花始盛开。
All flowers in late spring have fallen far and wide,
But peach blossoms are full-blown on this mountainside.
长恨春归无觅处,不知转入此中来。
I oft regret spring’s gone without leaving its trace;
I do not know it’s come up to adorn this place.
full-blown adj. 具所有特征的;成熟的
oft /ɒft/ adv. [旧] 时常
adorn /əˈdɔːn/ v. 装饰;装扮
Light Rain in Early Spring
Han Yu
天街小雨润如酥,草色遥看近却无。
The royal streets are moistened by a creamlike rain;
Green grass can be perceived afar but not nearby.
最是一年春好处,绝胜烟柳满皇都。
It’s the best time of a year late spring tries in vain
With its capital veiled in willows to outvie.
(许渊冲、许明译)
outvie /,aut'vai/ v. 在竞争中胜过
Spring Night
Su Shi
春宵一刻值千金,花有清香月有阴。
A moment of spring night is worth its length of gold,
When flowers spread on moonlight and shade fragrance cold.
歌管楼台声细细,秋千院落夜沉沉。
The slender flute from the bower plays music slender;
The tender night on garden swing casts shadow tender.
slender /ˈslendə(r)/ adj. 苗条的;纤细的;细的;窄的;微薄的;不足的
bower /ˈbaʊə(r)/ n. 树荫处;阴凉处
Written in a Village South of the Capital
Cui Hu
去年今日此门中,人面桃花相映红。
In this house on this day last year a pink face vied
In beauty with the pink peach blossom side by side.
人面不知何处去,桃花依旧笑春风。
I do not know today where the pink face has gone,
In vernal breeze still smile pink peach blossoms full blown.
vie /vaɪ/ v. 激烈竞争;争夺
vernal /ˈvɜːnl/ adj. 春季的
选自 译·世界