骨科英文书籍精读（9）｜骨折的二次损伤

SECONDARY INJURIES

Certain fractures are apt to cause secondary injuries and these should always be assumed to have occurred until proved otherwise:

· Thoracic injuries – Fractured ribs or sternum may be associated with injury to the lungs or heart. It is essential to check cardiorespiratory function.

· Spinal cord injury – With any fracture of the spine, neurological examination is essential to: (1) establish whether the spinal cord or nerve roots have been damaged and (2) obtain a baseline for later comparison if neurological signs should change.

· Pelvic and abdominal injuries – Fractures of the pelvis may be associated with visceral injury. It is especially important to enquire about urinary function; if a urethral or bladder injury is suspected, diagnostic urethrograms or cystograms may be necessary.

·Pectoral girdle injuries – Fractures and dislocations around the pectoral girdle may damage the brachial plexus or the large vessels at the base of the neck. Neurological and vascular examination is essential.

---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》P694

重点词汇整理：

apt to 易于；有...倾向

assume  /əˈsuːm/

vt. 假定；僭取；篡夺；夺取；擅用；侵占vi. 设想；承担；采取

Thoracic  /θo'ræsɪk/adj. [解剖] 胸的；[解剖] 胸廓的

sternum  /ˈstɜːrnəm/n. [解剖] 胸骨；[昆] 胸板

cardiorespiratory  /,kɑrdɪorɪs'paɪrətəri/adj. 心和肺的

spinal cord or nerve roots脊髓或神经根

Pelvic /ˈpelvɪk/adj. 骨盆的

pelvis  /ˈpelvɪs/n. 骨盆

visceral injury内脏损伤  /ˈvɪsərəl/adj. 内脏的；出于本能的；发自肺腑的；粗俗的

urethral  /ju'ri:θrəl/adj. [解剖] 尿道的

bladder /ˈblædər/n. 膀胱；囊状物，可充气的囊袋

urethrogram尿道造影照片

Pectoral girdle injuries胸带的伤害

Pectoral  /ˈpektərəl/n. 胸饰；治疗胸肺药物adj. 胸的；肺病的

/ˈɡɜːrdl/

girdle 腰带；围绕物；妇女紧身褡

百度翻译：

继发性损伤

某些骨折容易导致继发性损伤，在未经证实之前，应始终假定这些骨折已经发生：

·胸部损伤-肋骨或胸骨骨折可能与肺或心脏损伤有关。检查心肺功能是必要的。

·脊髓损伤-对于任何脊柱骨折，神经系统检查都是必不可少的：（1）确定脊髓或神经根是否受损，以及（2）如果神经系统症状发生变化，获取基线以供日后比较。

·骨盆和腹部损伤-骨盆骨折可能与内脏损伤有关。特别重要的是要询问尿路功能；如果怀疑有尿道或膀胱损伤，可能需要诊断性尿道造影或膀胱造影。

·胸带损伤-胸带周围的骨折和脱位可能损害臂丛或颈部底部的大血管。神经和血管检查是必要的。

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