没有自来水的城市
Every morning, just as the sun rises in Goma in the Democratic Republic of Congo, men, women and children walk miles to collect water.
每天早上，刚果共和国戈马市的太阳一升起，男男女女还有孩子们就要一起走上几英里去取水了。
They walk gingerly into Lake Kivu — its blue waters lapping against the hills surrounding it.
他们轻手轻脚地走进基伏湖中--蓝色的湖水拍打着周围环保的群山。
Pascal Bitasimwa, 12, is a boy with a big smile and a small frame.
12岁的帕斯卡尔·比塔西姆瓦是一个笑容灿烂、身材矮小的男孩。
He carries a yellow jerrycan that is half his size and when he walks into the lake, he has to use all his weight to wrestle the jerrycan underwater.
他带着一个有他个头一半大小的黄色水罐，当他走到湖里的时候，他必须用全身的重量把水罐放到水下。
"This takes me much of my time," he says.
“这很费时间，”他说。
"Instead of going to study, I come first to take water."
“每天我的第一件事不是上学，而是来打水。”
Goma, a city of 2 million people, is the command center for the world's second deadliest Ebola outbreak, which is raging some 250 miles away.
戈马市有两百万人口，是世界上第二严重的埃博拉病毒疫情的指挥中心所在地，病毒在250英里外肆虐。
When the virus briefly spread to the city this summer, the World Health Organization declared it a public health emergency of international concern.
当病毒在今年夏天短暂地蔓延到这个城市时，世界卫生组织马上宣布它为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。
But many of the concerns here are more basic.
但这里还有很多更基本的问题。
In Goma, it's often about the lack of running water.
在戈马市，很大一个问题就是没有自来水。
Bitasimwa, for example, has never seen running water.
例如，比塔西娃就从来没有见过自来水。
Nelisse Kakulya, 32, had also come to fetch water.
32岁的内尼西·卡库娅也前来取水。
But looking at Bitasimwa dive into the lake, then struggle to carry the jerrycan up a hill, she can't hide her dismay.
但看着比塔西娃一头扎进湖里，然后挣扎着抬着水罐爬上山，她无法掩饰自己的沮丧。
Kids drown here all the time, she says.
这里的孩子经常有淹死的，她说道。
The water they're taking isn't treated so drinking it carries risks; the lake sometimes lets out methane bubbles that can kill.
他们喝的水没有经过处理，所以饮用有风险;湖水有时还会释放出致命的甲烷气泡。
"This is unacceptable," she says.
“这太令人难受了，”她说道。
The irony of it also eats at her every day.
每天她都得面临这种两难的局面。
Goma has virtually no running water – not even in the fanciest hotels, which have their own pumps and treat their own water.
戈马市实际上没有自来水--就连有自己的泵，自己处理水的高档旅馆也没有。
Yet it hosts the largest U.N. peacekeeping mission in the world.
然而，它是世界上最大的联合国维和部队的驻扎地。
Dozens of charity organizations invest millions every month here.
许多慈善组织每个月都在这里投资数百万美元。
And this is a region brimming with mineral riches.
这是一个矿产资源丰富的地区。
So when she thinks about having to walk to the lake every day, she seethes with anger.
因此，当她想到每天都要走到湖边去的时候，顿觉怒火中烧。
But here in Congo, the government is notorious for brutally snuffing out any dissent.
但在刚果，政府以残酷镇压异见者而臭名昭著。
"They won't give you that opportunity; they won't listen to you," she says.
“他们不会给你这样的机会;他们不会听你的，”她说。
"And that makes you feel powerless.
“这让人感觉格外无力。”
The American charity Mercy Corps has been working in Goma for decades.
美国慈善机构美慈公司已经在戈马工作了几十年。
Many times over those years, they have tried to address the water issue.
这些年来，他们多次试图解决水的问题。
But Whitney Elmer, the country director, says Congo is complex.
但是该机构的主任惠特尼·埃尔默说，刚果国情很复杂。
It's huge — more than three times the size of Texas; there is still active conflict and it has poor governance across the board.
领土广大--约为德州面积的三倍大；这里仍然存在着冲突，而且整个国家的治理都很糟糕。
So, for example, when a water system is installed, repairs to keep it in working order never get made.
所以，打个比方说，当人们安装自来水管道系统时，维护工作就没法到位。
"You don't find that [combination] in many other countries," she says.
“在别的国家都没有这种情况，”她说。
"So to be able to really address those issues, it takes time."
“所以要真正解决这些问题，需要时间。”
Still, charities, United Nations agencies and peacekeepers have been in this region for decades.
尽管如此，慈善机构、联合国机构和维和人员已经进入这个地区有几十年了。
Their presence was beefed up as war raged following the Rwandan genocide in the '90s and last year, Congo was one of the most-funded humanitarian regions in the world.
上世纪90年代卢旺达大屠杀爆发后，随着战争的加剧，这些结构的人力得到了加强，而去年，刚果成为了世界上资金最充足的人道主义地区之一。
So who is to blame?
那么问题在哪里呢？
Elmer sighs.
埃尔默叹了口气。
"Ultimately, the blaming game at this point, I don't know that it really matters," she says.
“不幸的是，都这个时候了，追究责任也不知道还有没有用，”她说。
"I think it's more about how you put in place an action plan to move it forward and how do we get out of this systemic cycle of violence, of conflict, of now major public health issues."
“我认为更重要的是你如何制定行动计划来推动它向前发展，以及我们如何走出这个系统的暴力、冲突和现在主要公共卫生问题的恶性循环。”
She says once that is done, it will be important to put in place a system of accountability for delivering public services.
她说，一旦这项工作完成，就必须建立一个对此负责的公共服务体系。
"Because ultimately, the people who are suffering are Congolese citizens, and they're the people who have the least voice in all of this," she says.
她说:“因为最终受苦的是刚果公民，他们是在所有这些问题上最没有发言权的人。”
Back at the lakefront, Selemani Solomon jumps into the lake with two huge jerrycans.
回到湖边，塞勒麦尼·所罗门带着两个巨大的水桶跳入湖中。
He spends his whole day carrying water to the neighborhoods.
他一整天都在给邻居们送水。
He charges for each jerrycan, and he pays his rent with this job.
每桶水他会收取一定费用，就靠这份工作来缴房租。
问题
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