学术论文introduction写作实用例句
本文分享一些学术论文introduction写作实用例句。
Move 1: Establish a Research Tettitory
确定写作的研究领域
Step 1: Claiming Centrality
阐明中心
在这一部分，我们需要表明我们研究的主题是有用的（useful）、重要的（important）、切题的（relevant）或是值得研究的（worth investigating）。
这部分通常是作为中心句，后面紧跟一些论据来支持这个观点。
可以用到的句式有：
The effect of…has been studied extensively in recent years.
Of the many…, …have been the most extensively studied.
The effects of… have received considerable attention.
Many investigators have recently turned to…
A large body of data concerning… has been reported.
In recnet years, there have been many papers describing…
Recently there has been wide interest in…
In recent years, researches have become increasingly interested in…
The possiblity of has generated interest in…
Knowledge of…has great importance for
The study of… has become an important aspect of…
…are believed to play an important role in…
The explication of the relationship between… and …is a classic problem in fluid mechanics.
A long-standing problem has been to obtain more information on…
The well-known… phenomena…have been favorite topics for analysis both in…
A central issue in …is the validity of…
可供参考的句式有：
The general features of… are well known.
Plumage coloration is known to influence mate selection in mallards.
An increase of Mallards in eastern North America has been well documented.
Trout are believed to be relatively immobile.
It is generally accepted that…
There is now much evidence to support the hypothesis that…
A standard procedure for assessing… has been…
Such…methods are often criticized for…
It is commonly suggested that…
Comparisons of spatially separated populations tend to consist of…
例句有：
Smith (1989) found…
It has been suggested that…(Smith 1989)
Belovsky (1981) conclued that…
Data have been presented in the literature [1], [5] which suggest that…
Peterson (1988) argued that…
Observations by Smith (1989) suggest that…
Move 2: Establishing a niche
建立有差异的、小众的观点
在找出过往研究的重要特征后（Move 1），我们需要找出过往研究中遗漏的，或是在过往研究中找出的分歧点（niche or gap）。这样可以表明之前的研究结果是不完整的，也就说明这个研究的领域还需要更进一步的探索。
在这一部分我们通常会使用一些反对或是负向的词汇。（如下所示，可供参考）
Contrast:
however, but, yet, nevertheless, unfortunately, although
Quantity:
few, less, little, no, none, not
Verbs:
fail, ignore, lack, prevent, hinder, obviate, neglect, overlook, question, challenge, deter, limit
Adjectives:
scare, elusive, limited, restricted, difficult, inefficient, ineffective, inconclusive, uncertain, unclear, unreliable, unsatisfactory
可以用到的句式有：
However, this view is challenged by recent data showing…
However, these studies have failed to recognized the…
However, recent work in our laboratory suggests that…
…, but the experiences were performed on… and are therefore suspected.
…these approaches become increasingly unreliable when…
可用的句式有：
A considerable amount of research has been… but little research…
…has been extensively studied. However, less attention has been paid to…
As a result, no comprehensive theory appears to exist.
Despite the importance of…, few researches have studied…
Research has tended to focus on… rather than…
The only reported study to date of… covered a limited range of…
…studies have appeared previously in the literature, but measurement were restricted to…
The properties of… are still not completely understood.
Evidence on this question is presently inconclusive.
例句有：
However, it is not clear whether the use of… can be modified to…
In spite of these early observations, the mechanism…has remained unclear.
The question remains…?
How much has the seal population actually decreased?
可供参考的例句有：
These differences need to be analysed…
Hence, additional studies of… are needed.
It is desirable to carry out surveys of…
It is of interest to compare…
Move 3: Occupying the Niche
表达能够解决分歧点的方法
这一部分需要阐述解决前述分歧的解决办法（fill the gap），或是提出一个对于相关讨论的具体问题（answer the specific question），或延续之前的研究展开进一步的讨论（continue a research tradition）。
注意，在这里时态会根据你要讨论的研究目的是具体的（physical），还是抽象的（abstract）而有所不同。
一般现在时（Present Tense）：
用于描述文章的内容对于读者来说是具体的，真实的。
（paper, article, thesis PRESENT）
例句：
The aim of this paper is to…
The purpose here is to document…
一般过去时（Past Tense）：
用于研究目的是抽象的，例如mental enquiry这样的主题。
（study, investigation, experiment PAST）
例句：
The aim of the present study was to elucidate…
The objective of this research was to quantify…
Our purpose was to describe…
包括两种写法，分别为主语为“人”以及“物”。
1⃣️主语为“人” Human Agent
例句有：
In this study, we suggest a 3-step process…
In this paper, we suggest a …algorithm.
In this paper, we attempt to develop a…
In this letter, we provide a novel approach to…
In this paper, we describe novel algorithms for…
In this paper, we present a system for…
2⃣️主语为“物” Inanimate Agent
例句有：
This paper evaluates the effect on…
This research presents data on…
This study focuses on a strategy for…
The present study tested…
This thesis proposes a formal procedure for…
This paper introduces a novel architecture for…
可参考的句式有：
In this paper, we argue that…
This approach provides effective…
Our results indicate that this method is effective in
可供参考的句式有：
We have organized the rest of this paper in the following way…
This paper is structured as follows…
The remainder of this paper is divided into five sections…
例句：
Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm not only enjoys advantages of low complexity and ease of implementation but is also able to achieve performance very close to the optimum achievable bound.