最简 Spring AOP 源码分析!
前言
最近在研究 Spring 源码,Spring 最核心的功能就是 IOC 容器
和 AOP
。本文定位是以最简的方式,分析 Spring AOP 源码。
基本概念
上面的思维导图能够概括了 Spring AOP,其最重要的是 Spring AOP 只能作用于 Bean
,而 AspectJ 能够在编译期、类加载期对字节码进行更改。
猜测实现原理
Spring AOP 的实现原理是动态代理
,但是具体又是怎么实现的呢?
在 Spring 容器中,我们使用的每个 bean 都是 BeanDefinition 的实例,容器会在合适的时机根据 BeanDefinition 的基本信息实例化 bean 对象。
所以比较简单的做法是,Spring 会自动生成代理对象的代理类。我们在获取 bean 时,Spring 容器返回代理类对象,而不是实际的 bean。
调试代码
本文使用的代码,安装了 lombok
,并基于 Spring Boot
,是一个完全基于注解的最简调试代码。
注解配置类 AopConfig:
@Slf4j@Component@Aspectpublic class AopConfig { @Pointcut("within(com.life.demo..*)") public void pointCut() { } @Before("com.life.demo.AopConfig.pointCut()") public void log() { log.info("this is point cut..."); }}
Spring 启动类 AppApplication:
@SpringBootApplication@EnableAspectJAutoProxypublic class AppApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(AppApplication.class, args); }}
Controller HelloWorldController:
package com.life.demo.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;@RestController@Slf4jpublic class HelloWorldController { @GetMapping("/hello") public String greeting() { return "hello!"; }}
运行 Web 应用,在浏览器输入网址 http://localhost:11111/hello,会看到 log:
INFO 96257 --- [io-11111-exec-1] com.life.demo.AopConfig : this is point cut...
验证出成功配置了代理。
使用说明
- @EnableAspectJAutoProxy 开启 AOP。
- 使用 @Aspect 注解的 bean 都会被 Spring 当做用来实现 AOP 的配置类。
- 配置 Advice,不做详细介绍,具体参考 Spring AOP 官方文档。
- @Pointcut,用来匹配 Spring 容器中的所有 bean 的方法的。
@Pointcut("execution(* transfer(..))")// the pointcut expressionprivate void anyOldTransfer() {}// the pointcut signature
@Pointcut 中使用了 execution 来正则匹配方法签名,这也是最常用的,除了 execution,我们再看看其他的几个比较常用的匹配方式:
within:指定所在类或所在包下面的方法(Spring AOP 独有)
如 @Pointcut("within(com.javadoop.springaoplearning.service..*)")
@annotation:方法上具有特定的注解,如 @Subscribe 用于订阅特定的事件。
如 @Pointcut("execution(* .(..)) && @annotation(com.javadoop.annotation.Subscribe)")
bean(idOrNameOfBean):匹配 bean 的名字(Spring AOP 独有)
如 @Pointcut("bean(*Service)")
Tips:上面匹配中,通常 "." 代表一个包名,".." 代表包及其子包,方法参数任意匹配使用两个点 ".."。
源码深入分析
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy 开启 AOP
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy 注解定义:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Documented@Import(AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar.class)public @interface EnableAspectJAutoProxy {boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;boolean exposeProxy() default false;}
class AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {@Overridepublic void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {AopConfigUtils.registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(registry);AnnotationAttributes enableAspectJAutoProxy =AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(importingClassMetadata, EnableAspectJAutoProxy.class);if (enableAspectJAutoProxy != null) {if (enableAspectJAutoProxy.getBoolean("proxyTargetClass")) {AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToUseClassProxying(registry);}if (enableAspectJAutoProxy.getBoolean("exposeProxy")) {AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToExposeProxy(registry);}}}}
在 AppApplication 启动类上要加入 @EnableAspectJAutoProxy
注解开启 AOP,查看该注解源码,其 proxyTargetClass() 是在 AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar 类中调用,而 AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar 是一个 ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar。再往上追根溯源,可以看到是在接口 ConfigurableApplicationContext 中 void refresh() 调用。
IOC 容器管理 AOP 实例
在创建 bean 时,会调用 AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean(...)。
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args) throws BeanCreationException { // 初始化 bean BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null; if (mbd.isSingleton()) { instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName); } if (instanceWrapper == null) { // 1. 创建实例 instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args); } ... // Initialize the bean instance. Object exposedObject = bean; try { // 2. 装载属性 populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper); if (exposedObject != null) { // 3. 初始化 exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd); } } ...}
着重看第3步 initializeBean(...) 方法:
protected Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, @Nullable RootBeanDefinition mbd) {if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Object>) () -> {invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);return null;}, getAccessControlContext());}else {invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);}Object wrappedBean = bean;if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);}try {invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new BeanCreationException((mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null),beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex);}if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {// 执行每个 BeanPostProcessor 的 postProcessAfterInitialization 方法!wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);}return wrappedBean;}
Spring IOC 容器创建 bean 实例时,最后都会对 bean 进行处理,来实现增强。对于 Spring AOP 来说,就是创建代理类。
上面代码中函数 applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(...) 最终调用了 AbstractAutoProxyCreator 实现的 postProcessAfterInitialization() 方法。
/** * Create a proxy with the configured interceptors if the bean is * identified as one to proxy by the subclass. * @see #getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean */@Overridepublic Object postProcessAfterInitialization(@Nullable Object bean, String beanName) {if (bean != null) {Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(bean.getClass(), beanName);if (this.earlyProxyReferences.remove(cacheKey) != bean) {return wrapIfNecessary(bean, beanName, cacheKey);}}return bean;}
wrapIfNecessary(...)
方法在需要时返回了代理类。
protected Object wrapIfNecessary(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey) {if (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) && this.targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) {return bean;}if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(this.advisedBeans.get(cacheKey))) {return bean;}if (isInfrastructureClass(bean.getClass()) || shouldSkip(bean.getClass(), beanName)) {this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);return bean;}// 1. Create proxy if we have advice.Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(bean.getClass(), beanName, null);if (specificInterceptors != DO_NOT_PROXY) {this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.TRUE);// 2. 核心!重点!重要!Object proxy = createProxy(bean.getClass(), beanName, specificInterceptors, new SingletonTargetSource(bean));this.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());return proxy;}this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);return bean;}
上述代码第 1 步 getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(...) 方法是返回某个 beanName 下的 Advice 和 Advisor,如果返回结果不为空的话,才会创建代理。其核心方法就是 createProxy(...)。
protected Object createProxy(Class<?> beanClass, @Nullable String beanName,@Nullable Object[] specificInterceptors, TargetSource targetSource) {if (this.beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) {AutoProxyUtils.exposeTargetClass((ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) this.beanFactory, beanName, beanClass);}// 1. 获取合适的 ProxyFactoryProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory();proxyFactory.copyFrom(this);if (!proxyFactory.isProxyTargetClass()) {if (shouldProxyTargetClass(beanClass, beanName)) {proxyFactory.setProxyTargetClass(true);}else {evaluateProxyInterfaces(beanClass, proxyFactory);}}Advisor[] advisors = buildAdvisors(beanName, specificInterceptors);proxyFactory.addAdvisors(advisors);proxyFactory.setTargetSource(targetSource);customizeProxyFactory(proxyFactory);proxyFactory.setFrozen(this.freezeProxy);if (advisorsPreFiltered()) {proxyFactory.setPreFiltered(true);}// 2. 创建并返回合适的 AOP 对象return proxyFactory.getProxy(getProxyClassLoader());}
ProxyFactory
@Overridepublic AopProxy createAopProxy(AdvisedSupport config) throws AopConfigException {if (config.isOptimize() || config.isProxyTargetClass() || hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces(config)) {Class<?> targetClass = config.getTargetClass();if (targetClass == null) {throw new AopConfigException("TargetSource cannot determine target class: " +"Either an interface or a target is required for proxy creation.");}if (targetClass.isInterface() || Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass)) {return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);}return new ObjenesisCglibAopProxy(config);}else {return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);}}
查看代码最终发现是在 DefaultAopProxyFactory#createAopProxy(...) 方法中实现。
AopProxy 接口的 2 个实现类:CglibAopProxy 和 JdkDynamicAopProxy。这里就不分析 JdkDynamicAopProxy 类,仅分析 CglibAopProxy 类。CglibAopProxy 类实现的 getProxy(...) 方法如下:
@Overridepublic Object getProxy(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {logger.trace("Creating CGLIB proxy: " + this.advised.getTargetSource());}try {Class<?> rootClass = this.advised.getTargetClass();Assert.state(rootClass != null, "Target class must be available for creating a CGLIB proxy");Class<?> proxySuperClass = rootClass;if (ClassUtils.isCglibProxyClass(rootClass)) {proxySuperClass = rootClass.getSuperclass();Class<?>[] additionalInterfaces = rootClass.getInterfaces();for (Class<?> additionalInterface : additionalInterfaces) {this.advised.addInterface(additionalInterface);}}// Validate the class, writing log messages as necessary.validateClassIfNecessary(proxySuperClass, classLoader);// Configure CGLIB Enhancer...Enhancer enhancer = createEnhancer();if (classLoader != null) {enhancer.setClassLoader(classLoader);if (classLoader instanceof SmartClassLoader &&((SmartClassLoader) classLoader).isClassReloadable(proxySuperClass)) {enhancer.setUseCache(false);}}enhancer.setSuperclass(proxySuperClass);enhancer.setInterfaces(AopProxyUtils.completeProxiedInterfaces(this.advised));enhancer.setNamingPolicy(SpringNamingPolicy.INSTANCE);enhancer.setStrategy(new ClassLoaderAwareUndeclaredThrowableStrategy(classLoader));Callback[] callbacks = getCallbacks(rootClass);Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[callbacks.length];for (int x = 0; x < types.length; x++) {types[x] = callbacks[x].getClass();}// fixedInterceptorMap only populated at this point, after getCallbacks call aboveenhancer.setCallbackFilter(new ProxyCallbackFilter(this.advised.getConfigurationOnlyCopy(), this.fixedInterceptorMap, this.fixedInterceptorOffset));enhancer.setCallbackTypes(types);// Generate the proxy class and create a proxy instance.return createProxyClassAndInstance(enhancer, callbacks);}catch (CodeGenerationException | IllegalArgumentException ex) {throw new AopConfigException("Could not generate CGLIB subclass of " + this.advised.getTargetClass() +": Common causes of this problem include using a final class or a non-visible class",ex);}catch (Throwable ex) {// TargetSource.getTarget() failedthrow new AopConfigException("Unexpected AOP exception", ex);}}
CGLIB 生成代理的核心是 Enhancer
,详情见Enhancer API 文档、cglib 官网。
总结
Spring AOP 使用了动态代理,作用于 IOC 容器管理的 bean。在获取 bean 时会根据需要创建代理类,并返回代理类。在 Spring Boot 中使用 Spring AOP 时应该先用 @EnableAspectJAutoProxy 注解开启代理,定义代理类和代理规则,不需要 XML 或其他配置。
Spring 的源码太庞杂,调用链太深,在研究源码的时候应该明确目标,掌握核心原理
。就像学汉语字典,并不需要掌握其中的每一个汉字(况且 Spring 源码更新频率很快)。
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