耶鲁大学最新研究：手机辐射与甲癌的发病率有关！

Radiation from cell phones is associated with higher rates of thyroid cancer among people with genetic variations in specific genes, a new study led by the Yale School of Public Health finds.

The researchers examined over 900 people in Connecticut and found that those with certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (genetic variations commonly referred to as SNPs and pronounced as "snips") were significantly more likely to develop cancer in their thyroid, a gland in the throat that controls metabolism.

Cell phone users with SNPs in four of the genes studied were more than two times likely to develop cancer. The researchers examined a total of 176 genes and identified 10 SNPs that appear to increase the risk of thyroid cancer among cell phone users.

Published in the journal Environmental Research, the study is believed to be the first to examine the combined influence of genetic susceptibility and cell phone use in relation to thyroid cancer.

"Our study provides evidence that genetic susceptibility influences the relationship between cell phone use and thyroid cancer," said Yawei Zhang, M.D., Ph.D., a professor in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at the Yale School of Public Health. "More studies are needed to identify populations who are susceptible to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) and understand exposure to RFR by different using patterns of cell phones."

The findings suggest that genetic susceptibilities play an important role in cell phone use and the risk of developing thyroid cancer and could help to identify subgroups who are potentially at risk. Further research is needed to confirm the findings and to better understand the interaction between cell phone radiation and SNPs within specific genes.

The rates of thyroid cancer have been steadily increasing in the United States and in many other parts of the world, Zhang said.

According to the American Cancer Society's most recent report, there were nearly 53,000 new cases of thyroid cancer in the United States, resulting in 2,180 deaths. Thyroid cancer is three times more common in women and is diagnosed at a younger age than most other cancers.

Zhang noted that the study relied on data collected from 2010 to 2011 when smartphones were first being introduced to the market. At the time, only a small proportion of people had smart phones. Therefore, if cell phone use increased the risk of thyroid cancer, it was possibly due to the use of earlier generation cell phones that were more commonly used when the data was collected.

Additionally, the transition to smartphones has also seen a major change in how cell phones are used (e.g., texting vs. phone calls). As a result, findings from this current study warrant a further evaluation in future studies, she said.

Other Yale School of Public Health researchers involved in the study include Jiajun Luo, Hang Li, Nicole Deziel, Huang Huang and Shuangge Ma. Researchers from China and Florida also co-authored the study.

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以下为译文（若有不妥，请见谅！）

来自耶鲁大学公共卫生学院(YaleSchool of Public Health)的一项最新研究表明，在具有特定基因突变的人群中，受手机辐射的影响，其甲状腺癌发生率将会更高。

研究人员检查了康涅狄格州的900多人，发现那些具有某种单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms，SPNs）发生基因突变的人更容易患上甲状腺癌。甲状腺是喉部的一个腺体，控制着新陈代谢。

研究人员共检测了176个基因，并确定了10个SPNs，这些SPNs似乎会增加手机用户患甲状腺癌的风险。在研究的四种基因中，有SPNs的手机用户患癌症的可能性是正常人的两倍多。

这项研究发表在《环境研究》杂志上，被认为是第一个遗传易感性和手机辐射与甲状腺癌之间的综合影响的研究。

耶鲁大学公共卫生学院环境健康科学系教授、医学博士张亚伟说： “我们的研究提供了证据，证明遗传易感性会影响手机辐射与甲状腺癌之间的关系。但是，还需要进行更多的研究以确定哪些人群属于手机辐射敏感人群(RFR)，并通过不同的手机使用模式来了解手机辐射敏感人群。”

他们的研究结果表明，遗传易感性在使用手机和罹患甲状腺癌的风险中起着重要作用，并有助于识别潜在的危险人群。还需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现，并更好地理解手机辐射和特定基因突变之间的相互作用。

张博士说：在美国和世界上许多其他地方，甲状腺癌的发病率一直在稳步上升。

根据美国癌症协会(AmericanCancer Society)的最新报告，美国新增近5.3万例甲状腺癌病例，导致2180人死亡。甲状腺癌在女性中的发病率是其他大多数癌症的三倍，而且确诊的年龄比其他大多数癌症都要小。

张博士指出，这项研究基于2010年至2011年智能手机首次进入市场期间收集的数据。当时，只有一小部分人拥有智能手机。因此，如果使用手机增加了患甲状腺癌的风险，这可能是由于使用较早的一代手机。

此外，向智能手机的过渡也见证了手机使用方式的重大变化(如，短信vs.电话)，张博士说。因此，目前的研究结果需要在未来的研究中进行进一步的评估。

耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的其他研究人员包括罗家军、李航、尼科尔·德泽尔、黄煌和马双歌，这些是来自中国和佛罗里达的研究人员共同参与了这项研究。