每课一句:新概念英语第1册第139课
【往期回顾】
接下来,我们就来看看第139课的“每课一句”。
一、课文原文
Lesson 139 Is that you, John?
Is that you, John?
Yes, speaking.
Tell Mary we’ll be late for dinner this evening.
I’m afraid I don’t understand.
Hasn’t Mary told you? She invited Charlotte and me to dinner this evening. I said I would be at your house at six o’clock, but the boss wants me to do some extra work. I’ll have to stay at the office. I don’t know when I’ll finish. Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know if Mary needs any help.
I don’t know what you’re talking about.
That is John Smith, isn’t it?
Yes, I’m John Smith.
You are John Smith, the engineer, aren’t you?
That’s right.
You work for the Overseas Engineering Company, don’t you?
No, I don’t. I’m John Smith the telephone engineer and I’m repairing your telephone line.
——选自《新概念英语》第一册,外语教学与研究出版社,1997年10月第1版
二、每课一句
I don't know when I'll finish.
本课学习的是宾语从句的用法,只是与第99-102课以及第133-136课不同的是,前面这些课文学习的都是由that引导的宾语从句(包括间接引语),而本课侧重学习的是由疑问词引导的宾语从句。
一、由that引导的宾语从句
当that用来连接宾语从句时,它只起连接作用,不在从句中充当任何句子成分,所以经常可以省略。具体内容,大家可以参考我之前分享的文章:
每课一句:新概念英语第1册第99课
每课一句:新概念英语第1册第101课
每课一句:新概念英语第1册第133课
每课一句:新概念英语第1册第135课
二、由whether或if引导的宾语从句
当whether或if引导宾语从句时,表“是否”,经常与or not连用,or not一般位于句末,但经常可以省略。注意,此时的whether或if是不能省略的;此外,虽然whether或if引导的句子是表是否疑问的,其所引导的从句还是要采用陈述句语序的。如:
Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know if Mary needs any help.
上句中的if引导的就是宾语从句,用作know的宾语,其句末可以加上or not,即:
Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know if Mary needs any help or not.
再比如:
I don't know whether people will buy it or not.
上句中的or not就可以省略,即:
I don't know whether people will buy it
三、由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
特殊疑问词what、when、where、how、why等可以引导宾语从句,而且虽然它们引导的是都是特殊疑问句,用作宾语从句后,句子要采用陈述句语序。此外,因为这些疑问词都在从句中充当句子成分的,所以不能省略。如:
I don't know when I'll finish.
I don’t know what you’re talking about.
He told us how the accident had happened.
She explained to me why he studied French.
I don't remember where I put my notebook.
三、更多拓展
I said I would be at your house at six o'clock, but the boss wants me to do some extra work.
这句话虽然是由but引导的并列句,但前后两个并列分句采用的却是不同的时态。
前面的分句主句谓语动词采用的是一般过去时,这是因为说话者说的是当时他说了什么,是过去的时间。
后面的分句却采用了一般现在时,是因为说话者要表达的是他老板现在的想法,是现状。
注意do some extra work表示“加班”,也可以说“work for extra hours”。