为希特勒指挥「黑色贝九」的他,是黑暗时代的精神圣火
▲ 富特文格勒指挥贝多芬《第九交响曲》结尾
富特文格勒无疑是贝多芬精神最伟大的传承者,而在过去一年的各种贝多芬纪念活动中,这位伟大的指挥家鲜有被提及。
要详细梳理一份他演绎的贝多芬作品清单,可以说是难于上青天的,对同一曲目的不同版本进行比较也是见仁见智的。
在他留下的浩如烟海的录音资料中,有几部不仅有着极高的艺术造诣,还有着传奇的历史背景,在此我推荐大家几个非常珍贵的历史录音。
1922年,柏林爱乐乐团的第二任执掌者阿瑟·尼基什逝世,36岁的富特文格勒被推选为柏林爱乐乐团的艺术总监。
如今看来,这个选择是令这支顶尖乐团走向辉煌地位的关键一步,大师的人文精神与乐手的精湛技术水乳交融,深刻地凝结在一起,那种风暴和火焰般的“酒神”风格迅速风靡欧洲。
当纳粹势力统治德国时,以布鲁诺·瓦尔特为代表的顶尖艺术大师纷纷逃离了祖国,出于对家人安危的顾虑,富特文格勒选择了留下。
尽管富特文格勒对纳粹势力非常反感,通过各种方式表达了对纳粹文化的不屑与不配合,但希特勒却对他的非凡才华赏识有加。
1942年4月19日,希特勒五十三岁大寿前夜的庆典音乐会上,富特文格勒被钦点指挥贝多芬《第九交响曲》。一开始他是想方设法拒绝去演出的,但当时的德国宣传部长以其家人的性命安危相要挟,富特文格勒才迫不得已登台指挥。
这场音乐会上,富特文格勒带着复杂的情绪演绎的贝多芬《第九交响曲》,就像一首悲愤浓烈的诗篇,情绪慷慨激昂感染力极强,被后世称作“黑色贝九”。
音乐会现场并没有安排录音,只有通过广播向大众播放音乐会实况,有一位听众自己用非专业的设备将当时的广播转录下来。
这份珍贵的录音直到2004年,才被唱片公司发现并出版。尽管这个录音的音质非常不理想,但转录产生的模糊感和时空距离感,加上本身带有复杂情绪的背景故事,让这个了不起的演绎版本独具传奇色彩。
Symphony No.9 in D Minor Op.125 : I. Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso Wilhelm Furtw?ngler;Erna Berger;Gertrude Pitzinger;Helge Rosvaenge - Ludwig Van Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 in D Minor (Berlin 19.04.1942)
Symphony No.9 in D Minor Op.125 : II. Scherzo : Molto vivace Wilhelm Furtw?ngler;Erna Berger;Gertrude Pitzinger;Helge Rosvaenge - Ludwig Van Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 in D Minor (Berlin 19.04.1942)
Symphony No.9 in D Minor Op.125 : III. Adagio molto e cantabile Wilhelm Furtw?ngler;Erna Berger;Gertrude Pitzinger;Helge Rosvaenge - Ludwig Van Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 in D Minor (Berlin 19.04.1942)
Symphony No.9 in D Minor Op.125 : IV. Finale : Presto etc. Ode an die Freude Wilhelm Furtw?ngler;Erna Berger;Gertrude Pitzinger;Helge Rosvaenge - Ludwig Van Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 in D Minor (Berlin 19.04.1942)
下面的录音,是日本再版的“黑色贝九”,稍微做了一些修补,音质会稍微好一丁点:
I. Allegro ma non troppo, un poco Maestoso Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - W.Furtw?ngler Conducts Beethoven In 1942
II. Molto vivace Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - W.Furtw?ngler Conducts Beethoven In 1942
III. Adagio molto cantabile Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - W.Furtw?ngler Conducts Beethoven In 1942
IV. Presto Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - W.Furtw?ngler Conducts Beethoven In 1942
I. Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra;Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - BEETHOVEN, L. van: Symphony No. 9, 'Choral' (Bruno Kittel Choir, Berlin Philharmonic, Furtwangler) (1942)
II. Molto vivace Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra;Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - BEETHOVEN, L. van: Symphony No. 9, 'Choral' (Bruno Kittel Choir, Berlin Philharmonic, Furtwangler) (1942)
III. Adagio molto e cantabile - Andante moderato Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra;Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - BEETHOVEN, L. van: Symphony No. 9, 'Choral' (Bruno Kittel Choir, Berlin Philharmonic, Furtwangler) (1942)
IV. Finale: Presto - Allegro assai Tilla Briem;Elisabeth Hongen;Peter Anders;Rudolf Watzke - BEETHOVEN, L. van: Symphony No. 9, 'Choral' (Bruno Kittel Choir, Berlin Philharmonic, Furtwangler) (1942)
I. Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso (有活力的快板) Wilhelm Furtw?ngler;Bayreuth Festival Orchestra - BEETHOVEN, L.: Symphony No. 9, 'Choral' (Schwarzkopf, H?ngen, Hopf, Edelmann, Bayreuth Festival Chorus and Orchestra, Furtw?ngler) (1951)
II. Molto vivace - Presto (第二乐章 活泼的快板 - 急板) Wilhelm Furtw?ngler;Bayreuth Festival Orchestra - BEETHOVEN, L.: Symphony No. 9, 'Choral' (Schwarzkopf, H?ngen, Hopf, Edelmann, Bayreuth Festival Chorus and Orchestra, Furtw?ngler) (1951)
III. Adagio molto e cantabile - Andante moderato (第三乐章 如歌的慢板 - 中庸的行板) Wilhelm Furtw?ngler;Bayreuth Festival Orchestra - BEETHOVEN, L.: Symphony No. 9, 'Choral' (Schwarzkopf, H?ngen, Hopf, Edelmann, Bayreuth Festival Chorus and Orchestra, Furtw?ngler) (1951)
IV. Presto: O Freunde, nicht diese Tone! - Freude schoner Gotterfunken Wilhelm Furtw?ngler;Bayreuth Festival Orchestra - BEETHOVEN, L.: Symphony No. 9, 'Choral' (Schwarzkopf, H?ngen, Hopf, Edelmann, Bayreuth Festival Chorus and Orchestra, Furtw?ngler) (1951)
▲ 数字还原旧柏林爱乐大厅
这个演奏版本之所以如此感人,就在于它是如此的“真”如此流畅,仿佛直接从一颗赤诚的心中吐露出来,与你坦然倾诉,丝毫没有矫揉造作的匠气,或故做冷静的姿态。
这场录音令人倍感珍惜的另一个原因是,在演出后两周,旧柏林爱乐大厅毁于炮火,这张唱片是这座见证柏林爱乐诞生、发展60多年的音乐厅里最后的录音。
Beethoven: Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 61 - 1. Allegro ma non troppo (Cadenzas by Fritz Kreisler) (Live) Erich Roehn;Berliner Philharmoniker;Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - The Art of Wilhelm Furtw?ngler
Beethoven: Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 61 - 2. Larghetto (Cadenzas by Fritz Kreisler) (Live) Erich Roehn;Berliner Philharmoniker;Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - The Art of Wilhelm Furtw?ngler
Beethoven: Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 61 - 3. Rondo (Allegro) (Live) Erich Roehn;Berliner Philharmoniker;Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - The Art of Wilhelm Furtw?ngler
为了方便读者比较欣赏,在此附上富特文格勒与梅纽因的合作版本之一(他们留下过至少三个录音版本),他与施耐德汉也有留下一个知名的演绎版本。
I. Allegro ma non troppo (第一乐章 不太过分的急速) Philharmonia Orchestra;Yehudi Menuhin;Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - Bach: Branderburger Concerto No. 3 / Beethoven: Violin Concerto in D Major, Et Al.
II. Larghetto (第二乐章 小广板) Philharmonia Orchestra;Yehudi Menuhin;Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - Bach: Branderburger Concerto No. 3 / Beethoven: Violin Concerto in D Major, Et Al.
III. Rondo - Allegro (第三乐章 回旋曲 - 快板) Philharmonia Orchestra;Yehudi Menuhin;Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - Bach: Branderburger Concerto No. 3 / Beethoven: Violin Concerto in D Major, Et Al.
Symphony No. 3 in E-Flat Major, Op. 55, 'Eroica': I. Allegro con brio Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra;Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - FURTW?NGLER, Wilhelm: Vienna Concerts (1944-1954)
Symphony No. 3 in E-Flat Major, Op. 55, 'Eroica': II. Marcia funebre: Adagio assai Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra;Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - FURTW?NGLER, Wilhelm: Vienna Concerts (1944-1954)
Symphony No. 3 in E-Flat Major, Op. 55, 'Eroica': III. Scherzo: Allegro vivace Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra;Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - FURTW?NGLER, Wilhelm: Vienna Concerts (1944-1954)
Symphony No. 3 in E-Flat Major, Op. 55, 'Eroica': IV. Finale: Allegro molto Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra;Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - FURTW?NGLER, Wilhelm: Vienna Concerts (1944-1954)
Act 3 - Walkürenritt - Hojotoho! Hojotoho! Wilhelm Furtw?ngler - 尼伯龙根的指环(1953 RAI)(Disc5)