补助五千亿，有钱没处花
The Trump administration wants to give Americans an emergency shot of spending money, even as it's closing many of the places they would ordinarily spend it.
特朗普政府想要给美国人一笔应急资金，不过它关闭了许多他们通常去花钱的地方。
As part of its $1 trillion proposal to address the economic fallout from the coronavirus pandemic, the administration has proposed sending up to $500 billion directly to U.S. households.
作为解决冠状病毒大流行带来的经济影响的1万亿美元计划的一部分，特朗普政府已经提议直接向美国家庭拨款5000亿美元。
That money would come in two installments: one in the first week of April, the second in mid-May. While details are still being negotiated with Congress, that works out to more than $1,000 per person.
这笔钱将分两批发放:第一批在4月的第一周发放，第二批在5月中旬发放。虽然具体细节仍在与国会协商中，但算下来每人将领到超过1000美元。
Ordinarily, such checks would be designed to stimulate spending and employment.
一般来说，发放这种支票的目的是刺激消费和就业。
But that's at odds with recommendations from public health officials that Americans hunker down and avoid crowds.
但这与公共卫生官员建议美国人居家避免人群聚集的建议产生了矛盾。
"This is an usual recession because we don't want people to be working," said Harvard economist Gregory Mankiw.
哈佛大学经济学家曼昆说:“这是一次自然的衰退，因为我们不想让人们去工作。”
"We do want people to be staying home. We don't want all those restaurants to be bustling."
“我们希望人们呆在家里。我们不希望所有这些餐馆都是熙熙攘攘的。”
Mankiw, who served in the George W. Bush administration, says the proposed payments should be viewed more as social insurance than a traditional Keynesian stimulus.
曾在小布什政府任职的曼昆表示，拟议中的支出应该更多地被视为一种社会保险，而不是传统的凯恩斯主义刺激。
"The reason for the cash payments is not only to help the people who need the help but also to encourage them to stay at home, which helps everybody else," Mankiw said.
曼昆说:“发放现金的原因不仅是为了帮助那些需要帮助的人，也是为了鼓励他们待在家里，这对其他人都有好处。”
Bars and restaurants around the country have been closed — except for take-out — and many retail shops have also gone dark, as the government encourages Americans to practice social distancing in an effort to slow the spread of the coronavirus.
美国各地的酒吧和餐馆都已关闭，外卖店除外，许多零售商店也关门了，因为政府鼓励美国人保持社交距离，以减缓冠状病毒的传播。
That's entirely appropriate, said economist Jason Furman, but it will come with a steep price tag.
经济学家贾森·弗曼说，这完全是适当的，但会带来高昂的代价。
"The public health measures are going to hurt the economy quite a lot in the short run, Furman told Weekend Edition Sunday.
“公共卫生措施将在短期内对经济造成相当大的伤害，”弗曼周日对《周末版》说。
"Our economic policy, though, should be aiming to cushion the blow as much as possible."
“然而，我们的经济政策应该以尽可能减轻冲击为目标。”
Furman, who was a top adviser in the Obama administration, says direct payments to Americans are an important part of an economic recovery package.
曾在奥巴马政府担任高级顾问的弗曼说，对美国人的直接经济补助是经济复苏计划的重要组成部分。
"For some people, that would enable them not to work," Furman said.
“对一些人来说，这将使他们无法工作，”弗曼说。
"So that's not necessarily for them about increasing economic growth.
“所以这对他们来说不一定会关乎经济增长。”
It's about public health.
而是关乎于公共健康。
For others, it would let them continue to pay the rent.
对其他人来说，这可以让他们继续支付租金。
And for still others, it would put them in a better position to spend after all of this is over."
对另外一些人来说，这将使他们在这一切结束后能够更好地消费。”
The administration's plan would also devote $300 billion to loan guarantees for small businesses, so this temporary disruption doesn't cascade into a permanent shutdown.
特朗普政府的计划还将拿出3,000亿美元为小企业提供贷款担保，以确保这样暂时的混乱不会导致永久性的关闭。
"There are a lot of businesses that are going to struggle here that we want to survive in the long run," Mankiw said.
曼昆说:“有很多企业将挣扎求生，我们希望他们能长期生存下去。”
"So we really need to help the businesses through this time. That doesn't mean a bailout. It doesn't mean handing them cash. But it does perhaps mean providing them with loans so they can keep operating and get back on their feet when this is over."
“所以我们真的需要帮助企业度过这段时间。这并不意味着救助。这并不意味着给他们钱。而是可能意味着向他们提供贷款，让他们能够继续经营，并在危机结束后重新站起来。”
The proposed loan guarantees would go to small businesses that agree to keep paying workers for eight weeks.
拟议中的贷款担保将提供给那些同意继续支付工人8周工资的小企业。
Coronavirus closings have already triggered a wave of layoffs.
新冠病毒的疫情已经引发了一波裁员潮。
A crush of applications for unemployment insurance this week temporarily crashed computer systems in several states.
本周大量的失业保险申请还曾让几个州的计算机系统瘫痪。
"The longer it goes on, the more people lose their jobs," Furman said.
“失业持续的时间越长，失去工作的人就越多，”弗曼说。
"And you don't snap back very quickly when you're in a situation like that."
“在这种情况下，你没法很快恢复过来。”
The administration's rescue package would be even larger than the American Recovery and Reconstruction Act, passed during the Great Recession.
特朗普政府的救助计划规模甚至将超过大衰退期间通过的《美国复苏与重建法案》。
Mankiw said that's worthwhile, even though it would add to the mounting federal debt.
曼昆说，这是值得的，即使它会增加不断增加的联邦债务。
"In many cases, I am a deficit scold, but not in this circumstance," he said.
他说:“在很多情况下，我是批评赤字的人，但在这种情况下不是。”
"There are certain times that are crises — deep economic downturns, wars --when running a budget deficit and running up the government debt is exactly the right thing to do. ”
“在某些危机时期——深度经济衰退、战争——出现预算赤字和增加政府债务正是我们应该做的事情。”
“And it sounds like in the next few months we're going to be in one of those situations."
“听起来，在接下来的几个月里，我们就将面临这样的情况。”
△
问题
文中提到美国政府这次向全民发放的补助金总额是多少？
留言回复正确答案，前十名朋友可以获得红包奖励哦，赶快来试试吧！
1
完
1
感谢关注
跟amber一起看世界