人文湖南 | 慢品社区老房子 · 郁华、郁达夫旧居
常熟路188弄2号（郁华、郁达夫旧居）
郁华、郁达夫旧居位于常熟路188弄2号，英式花园住宅，建于1932年，占地面积370平方米。
住宅为砖木结构假四层，主体淡黄色水泥拉毛墙面。二层房间东西外墙各建有人字坡顶的长方形凸窗，南侧中部两间前出，二层原为开敞式内阳台，三面皆有尖拱窗洞，西侧有圆弧楼梯通往花园。三层为三面开窗的阳光厅。底层为基座层，采用清水红砖外墙，内设厨房及服务用房。北侧原主入口已封闭。原先通往二层的单独楼梯间已整体改为房间。标准层室内局部多处有改建，装饰基本都已更新。
郁家后人曾长期在此居住，现由多户居民合用。
郁华简介
郁华（1884—1939），浙江富阳人，原名庆云，字曼陀，郁达夫之兄。
郁华自幼聪慧好学，十六岁参加杭州府道试，得第一名。1905年考取浙江省首批官费留学生，负笈日本，先就读早稻田大学师范科，继入法政大学专修法律。1910年获法学学士学位回国，应清廷留学生考试合格获法科举人衔，在清政府外务部任职。1912年考取法官资格，曾任京师高等审判厅推事、大理院推事，并兼任朝阳大学、东吴大学等校教授。1929年到沈阳，曾任最高法院东北分院刑庭庭长。“九一八事变”后回到北平。1932年到上海任江苏高等法院第二分院刑庭庭长，曾尽力帮助被捕的革命人士。1939年11月23日在上海被日伪特务暗杀。1947年4月，富阳地方人士在鹳山修筑郁华血衣冢，郭沫若撰写《郁曼陀先生血衣冢志铭》，由马叙伦书成刻石。1952年经中央人民政府批准，追认郁华为革命烈士。
著有《曼陀诗钞》《静远诗集》《静远画集》《窃电集》《刑法总则》《判例》等。
郁华
威武不能屈
清末，郁华以官费生资格留学日本，先后攻读师范科和法科，1910年学成回国。1912年郁华考取法官资格，曾任大理院推事，1929年调任大理院东北分院推事，后任最高法院东北分院刑庭庭长。“九一八事变”后，郁华不愿委身事敌，化装潜回北平。1932年，他奉调至上海，供职于江苏省高等法院第二分院，担任刑庭庭长。辛亥革命以后，上海租界当局曾经霸占中国政府设在租界里的会审公廨，江苏省高等法院第二分院就是由收回的公共租界会审公廨改组而成。它地处租界之中，当时人都称之为新衙门。
身为法官，郁华一身正气。此外，他还擅长诗画，早年参加进步文学团体“南社”，“南社”创始人之一的柳亚子说郁华的诗如“鹏举冲冠之作（岳飞字鹏举，《满江红》词有'怒发冲冠’句），文山正气之歌（文天祥字文山，有《正气歌》诗）”。
郁氏三兄弟（左起）：郁达夫、郁华、郁养吾
郁华曾经收到过装有子弹的信件。朋友们劝他外出避祸，但他毅然决然留在租界，坚守岗位。他说：“国家民族正在危急之际，怎能抛弃职守；我当做我应做的事，生死就不去计较了。”1939年11月23日上午，郁华走出住所出门上班时，遭到预先埋伏在寓所附近的日伪特务暗杀。郁华成为中国司法界牺牲于日伪暗杀之手的第一人，时年55岁。
郁华 （忻秉勇画）
郁达夫简介
郁达夫（1896—1945），浙江富阳人，现代小说家、散文家。
1913年赴日本留学。1919年考入东京帝国大学。1921年与郭沫若等在东京成立创造社。1922年回国后，曾任北京大学讲师，武昌师范大学、中山大学教授，并先后主编《创造月刊》《大众文艺》等刊物。1930年与鲁迅、宋庆龄等发起中国自由运动大同盟，同年参加中国左翼作家联盟。1936年任福建省政府参议。1938年前往南洋，利用各种宣传阵地号召爱国侨胞支援抗战。曾任新加坡华侨抗敌动员委员会执行委员兼文化界抗日联合会主席。1945年9月被日本宪兵秘密杀害于苏门答腊。1952年被追认为烈士。有《郁达夫文集》行世。
郁达夫
“以笔代戈”真勇士
郁达夫从来不觉得自己是个书生，1913年在日本留学的时候，他就在日记中写道：“……余有一大爱焉，曰爱国……国即余命也，国亡则余命亦绝矣！”
神州大地遭受日寇侵略，郁达夫没有“躲进小楼”，而是以笔代戈，投身于抗日救亡运动之中。
1937年，郁达夫被推选为福州文化界救亡协会理事长，并担任《救亡文艺》主编。短短47天内，他发表的作品就有20篇。他在为一个文学青年的题词中写道：“我们这一代，应该为抗战而牺牲。”
这年冬天，正是郁达夫废寝忘食执笔抗战最紧张的时候，老家富阳沦陷。消息传来，70多岁的母亲，因不愿伺候日军吃喝，躲进了后山，风雨交加中，饿死在山洞。听闻噩耗，郁达夫几近昏厥。来不及脱下丧服郁达夫就接到国民政府军委会政治部第三厅厅长郭沫若的来电，邀他出任设计委员。郁达夫二话没说，马上赶往武汉，开始“笔尖上的抗战”。
郁达夫手书：不薄今人爱古人，清词丽句必为邻。
1938年4月，台儿庄战役打响，郁达夫奔赴前线慰问抗日将士。在硝烟弥漫的战场上，郁达夫目睹官兵们浴血奋战、顽强拼杀，被他们的报国精神所震撼。短短15天，他一口气写下了 20多篇战地通讯和战地评论。
1938年年底，应《星洲日报》邀请，郁达夫来到新加坡。在担任《星洲日报》主笔期间，他还同时编辑四五种刊物，发表了 400多篇支援抗日和分析国内外政治、军事形势的政论、杂文、文艺杂论等，积极宣传抗日。
1942年2月，新加坡沦陷后，郁达夫和胡愈之、王任叔等人被迫撤离，流亡至印度尼西亚苏门答腊的巴亚公务镇。为隐蔽身份和解决生计，郁达夫开起了“赵豫记酒厂”。郁达夫巧于周旋，这里成了抗日人士的活动中心。郁达夫还建立了秘密组织“同仁社”，搜集情报，开展抗日宣传。
一天，有个日本兵发现郁达夫能讲一口流利的日语，即报告上司，于是郁达夫被迫给日本宪兵队当“翻译”。郁达夫“将计就计”，利用各种机会掩护和支持华侨及印尼民众的抗日活动。
1944年，因汉奸告密，郁达夫的真实身份暴露。对于这位曾目睹日本宪兵种种暴行的重要抗日分子，日本宪兵下了毒手。1945年8月，郁达夫被秘密逮捕，后殉难于苏门答腊的丛林中。
郁达夫 （钱定华画）
Introduction of former
residence of YU Hua and YU Dafu
The former residence of YU Hua and YU Dafu is located at No. 2 in Alley 188 on Changshu Road, which is a garden house typical of a British style. Built in 1932, it covers an area of 370 square meters.
The residence has a nominally four-storied structure of brick and wood. Its main body is composed of light yellow stuccoed walls. Rooms on the second floor have rectangular projected windows with gable roofs at the east and west sides and two rooms at the middle part of the south side protrude forward. On the second floor was formerly an open balcony, the three sides of which have pointed arch windows. At the west side there is an arc staircase which leads to the garden. The third floor has a sunshine hall with open windows at three sides. The bottom floor is the base with water red bricks for outer wall surfaces, in which there are kitchen and service rooms. The former main entrance at the north side has been closed. The separate staircase which led to the second floor has now been totally changed into rooms. Many interior parts have been reconstructed and decorations have been updated.
The descendants of the YU family had lived here for a long period of time. It is now shared by many households.
YU Hua (1884-1939) has his ancestral family from Fuyang in Zhejiang province. With a former name of Qingyun and a courtesy name of Mantuo, he is an elder brother of YU Dafu. In 1900, he won the first place in the Provincial Imperial Examination during the reign of Guangxu. In 1906, he successively studied in Waseda University and University of Political Science in Japan.
After returning to China in 1910, since he passed the examination for students studying abroad which was organized by the Qing Government, he was entitled a successful candidate in the law subject of the imperial examination. Then he was assigned to work at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a high-rank officer and also served as a translator for two years in the Bureau of Foreign Affairs in Tianjin. In 1912, he achieved the qualifications of judges and once served as judge of the Super Court in capital and Central Judicial Office, and as professor in Chaoyang University, Soochow University and other universities. In 1929, he was appointed as chief judge of Criminal Division in Northeast Branch of Supreme Court. After the “September 18 Incident”, he returned to Beijing. In 1932, he served as chief of the Criminal Division of the Second Branch Court of the Jiangsu High Court in Shanghai and tried his best to help the revolutionaries under arrest to escape from the prisons. On November 23, 1939 he was assassinated by the spy of the Japanese and puppet government in Shanghai. In April of 1947, local people in Fuyang built the blood clothes tomb for him in Guanshan Mountain.
GUO Moruo wrote the tomb inscription entitled “the Inscription of YU Hua” with the calligraphy by MA Xulun. In 1952, the Central Government of the PRC ratified him as a revolutionary martyr. His works include Poems by YU Hua, Collection of Poetry by YU Hua, Album of Paintings by YU Hua, Collection of Stealing Electricity, General Provisions of Criminal Law, Legal Cases and so on.
In the late Qing Dynasty, YU Hua studied aboard in Japan as a government scholarship student, and successively studied education and law. In 1910, he returned home. In 1912, he obtained the qualifications of judges. Once serving as judge at the Super Court, he was transferred to the judge at its northeast branch in 1929 and later served as chief judge of Criminal Division in the northeast branch of the Supreme Court. After the “September 18 Incident”, he was unwilling to be submitted to the enemy and disguised himself to return to Beijing. In 1932, he went to Shanghai as requested and served as president of the Criminal Division of the Second Branch Court of the Jiangsu High Court in Shanghai. After the 1911 Revolution, the authority of Shanghai settlement once usurped the Shanghai Mixed Court which was set by the Chinese government, from which the Second Branch Court of the Jiangsu High Court was made on the basis of its reorganization. Since it was in the settlement, people regarded it as a new Yamen at that time.
As a judge, YU Hua kept awe-inspiring righteousness all the time. Also he was adroit at poetry and painting and participated in the literary community, the South Society, which was celebrated for its national integrity. LIU Yazi, one of the founders of the society, once evaluated his poetry as “works with rage bristling under the cap (a line 'rage bristling under the cap’ in the ci poem with the tune The River All Red by YUE Fei) and a song with Wenshan’s justice (WEN Tianxiang has the courtesy name of Wenshan and a poem The Song of Justice).”
After the “August 13” Battle of Shanghai against Japanese invasion, the Chinese territory in Shanghai was occupied by the Japanese invaders and the settlement became an isolated island. On the surface, the markets here were booming, but the fact was that a variety of forces intertwined with each other and the situation of struggle was complicated, so it was the same as the battlefield with fierce fighting between the Chinese people and Japanese invaders. YU Hua insisted on judicial justice and national rights and stuck up for justice at the standpoint of patriotism. LIU Zhan’en, president of University of Shanghai, took an active part in the movement to resist Japanese aggression and to save the country after the fall of Shanghai. Thus he was assassinated by the spy of the Japanese and puppet government. At the same time the murderer was captured by the surrounding people on the spot. Regardless of the perilous situation, YU Hua denounced the national scum in court and sentenced him to the capital punishment.
Once he received letters with bullets enclosed. His friends worried about him and advised him to temporarily go out to avoid disaster. He replied that, when the nation was in crisis, how I could abandon my duty and I must do what I should do without caring about life and death. On the morning of November 23, 1939, he stepped on the rickshaw waiting for him as usual when the evil gunfire sounded. He became the first in China’s judicial circle who encountered the assassination of the Japanese and puppet government. He was at the age of 55 that year.
YU Dafu (1896-1945), modern novelist and essayist, has his ancestral family from Fuyang in Zhejiang province.
In 1913, he went to Japan for education. In 1919, he was admitted to the Imperial University in Tokyo. In 1921, together with GUO Moruo and others, he set up the Creation Society in Tokyo. After returning home in 1922, he once served as lecturer at Beijing University as well as professor at Wuchang Normal University and SUN Yat-sen University. Also he successively edited the magazines including Creation Monthly and Popular Literature. In 1930, along with LU Xun and SONG Qingling, he initiated China Freedom Movement Alliance. In the same year, he joined China Left-Wing Writers Union. In 1936, he was appointed as counselor of Fujian provincial government. In 1938, he went to Southeast Asia, making use of various means of publicity to call from the patriotic compatriots for support for the War against Japan. Once he severed as member of the Executive Committee of the Singapore Overseas Chinese Resisting-enemy Committee and chairman of the Resisting-Japanese Federation in the field of culture. In September 1945, he was secretly killed in Sumatra by the Japanese military policemen. In 1952, he was conferred posthumously as a martyr.
The book A Collection of Works by YU Dafu was published.
YU Dafu never feels that he is a scholar. When he was studying in Japan in 1913, he wrote in his diary, “... I have a great love-love for my country... my country is my life; if my country were conquered, my life would be taken away!”In the face of the invasion of China by the Japanese, he did not “hide himself in the small studio”, but used pen as weapon to join in the national salvation movement against Japanese invasion.
In 1937, he was promoted to chairman of the Salvation Association of the cultural community in Fuzhou and also served as editor of Salvation Literature and Art. Within forty-seven days, he published as many as 20 papers. In an inscription for a literary youth, he wrote, “Our generation should sacrifice ourselves for the War against Japanese Invasion.”
The winter that year was just the most intense time when he experienced sleepless nights to fight with his pen. The news came of the fall of Fuyang his hometown, when his 70-year-old mother, who did not want to attend on the Japanese and hid herself in the mountains, starved to death in a cave in the storms. Hearing the sad news, he almost fainted. No sooner had he put an end to the mourning service than he received a telegram from GUO Moruo, head of the Third Division of the Political Department of the National Government Military Commission, inviting him to serve as member of the Design Committee. He said nothing and immediately hurried to Wuhan to begin his “war with the tip of pen”.
In April 1938, the Battle of Taierzhuang started when he went to the front line to express sympathy and solicitude for officers and soldiers resisting Japanese invaders. In the smoke of gunpowder at the battlefield, he witnessed them in fierce and bloody battles, fighting tenaciously against the enemy. He was shocked by their patriotic spirit. During the 15 days, he finished writing over 20 battlefield communications and battlefield reviews.
At the end of 1938, he came to Singapore at the invitation of Sin Chew Daily. During the time when he served as its editor in chief, he also edited four or five magazines and published more than 400 political reviews, essays, and literary and artistic criticism to support resistance against Japanese invasion and analyze domestic and foreign political and military situations, actively publicizing resistance against Japanese invaders.
In February 1942, after the fall of Singapore, YU Dafu, HU Yuezhi, WANG Renshu and others were forced to withdraw, exiled to a town on Sumatra of Indonesia. For the concealment of identity and for livelihood, he originated a winery. For his cleverness in dealing with people around, this plant became the center of activities for resisting Japanese invasion. Also he established a secret organization “Tongren Society” to collect intelligence and carry out resisting-Japanese publicity.
One day, a Japanese soldier found that he could speak Japanese fluently and reported it to the officer. So he was forced to become a “translator” for the Japanese military policemen. To play the Japanese invaders at their own game, he made use of various opportunities to cover and support the resisting-Japanese activities of overseas Chinese and Indonesian people.
In 1944, his true identity was exposed because the traitors blew the gab. Since he was an important person witnessing the atrocities of Japanese military policemen, they laid murderous hands on him. In August 1945, he was secretly arrested and murdered in the jungles on Sumatra.
信息来源：《200031——一个历史街区的文化记忆》