脊柱痛风的患病率可能高于想象,对于有脊髓压迫症状的患者,应考虑脊柱痛风的可能。腰椎痛风石(可能破裂)还可能造成马尾综合征[9-11]。Romero AB等曾报道一例痛风40年伴手肘部、跖趾关节痛风石的82岁男性,3个月来患者新发进行性脊髓病变(手麻、感觉异常、下肢活动障碍)[9]。颈椎CT显示严重关节炎改变和中段颈椎关节强直,齿状突后肿物内可见钙化,该肿物似乎起源于寰椎横韧带,伴脊髓压迫,椎管狭窄程度约80%。图8 颈椎CT:矢状位图像示寰椎横韧带肿物注:轴位图像示枢椎齿状突(A)、寰椎侧块(B)、寰椎结节(C)结构[9]除此之外,目前已有报道的痛风石的不典型发病部位还包括跗骨管、髌腱、第2掌骨、距后三角骨、生殖器、支气管、肝脏等部位。由此可见,只有意想不到的,没有疯狂的痛风石遥不可及的地方!因此,对于有长期高尿酸血症或痛风病史的患者,当出现病因未明的肿物时,应考虑到发生于不典型部位的痛风石的可能。值得注意的是,无痛风病史的患者亦可能是以非典型痛风石为首发表现,临床上注意及时通过影像学检查或活检明确肿物的性质。参考资料:[1]中华医学会内分泌学分会.中国高尿酸血症与痛风诊疗指南(2019)[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志,2020,036(001):1-13.[2]Chhana A,Dalbeth N.The gouty tophus:a review.Curr Rheumatol Rep.2015 Mar;17(3):19.doi:10.1007/s11926-014-0492-x.PMID:25761926.[3]Morris WR,Fleming JC.Gouty tophus at the lateral canthus.Arch Ophthalmol.2003 Aug;121(8):1195-7.doi:10.1001/archopht.121.8.1195.PMID:12912701.[4]Richards E,Watts E,McClelland L.A rare case of nasal gout.BMJ Case Rep.2020 Oct 30;13(10):e234788.doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-234788.PMID:33127723;PMCID:PMC7604774.[5]Vela P,Pascual E.Images in clinical medicine.An unusual tophus.N Engl J Med.2015 Jan 29;372(5):e6.doi:10.1056/NEJMicm1309677.PMID:25629758.[6]Sharifabad MA,Tzeng J,Gharibshahi S.Mammary gouty tophus:a case report and review of the literature.Breast J.2006 May-Jun;12(3):263-5.doi:10.1111/j.1075-122X.2006.00252.x.PMID:16684326.[7]Parlindungan F,Setiyohadi B,Arisanti R.Disseminated Cutaneous Tophi in a Patient with Chronic Tophaceous Gout and Renal Impairment:A Case Report of a Rare Manifestation of Gout.Am J Case Rep.2020 Apr 3;21:e919349.doi:10.12659/AJCR.919349.PMID:32241962;PMCID:PMC7161940.[8]Rohani A,Chamanian S,Hosseinzade P,Ramezani J.A case of mitral valve tophus in a patient with severe gout tophaceous arthritis.J Clin Imaging Sci.2012;2:68.doi:10.4103/2156-7514.103058.Epub 2012 Oct 31.PMID:23230550;PMCID:PMC3515934.[9]Romero AB,Johnson EP,Kirkpatrick JS.Tophaceous gout of the atlantoaxial joint:a case report.J Med Case Rep.2021 Feb 15;15(1):74.doi:10.1186/s13256-020-02638-9.PMID:33588945;PMCID:PMC7885401.[10]Zheng ZF,Shi HL,Xing Y,Li D,Jia JY,Lin S.Thoracic cord compression due to ligamentum flavum gouty tophus:a case report and literature review.Spinal Cord.2015 Dec;53(12):881-6.doi:10.1038/sc.2015.93.Epub 2015 Jun 16.PMID:26078231;PMCID:PMC5399141.[11]Mak Y K,Cheung K Y,Choi S H.CASE REPORT Cauda Equina Syndrome Secondary to Tophaceous Gout of the Spine.Hong Kong J Orthop Surg,2005;9(1):28-31.