热文推荐 | 大型河流中鱼类组成的eDNA监测效率: 以长江武汉江段为例

转载于中国水产科学

大型河流中鱼类组成的eDNA监测效率: 以长江武汉江段为例杨海乐, 吴金明, 张辉, 杜浩, 李君轶, 王成友, 沈丽, 刘志刚, 危起伟中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所, 农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430223论文导读自2021年1月1日起，长江流域实行暂定为期10年的禁捕。2021年3月在湖北武汉召开 “2021年度长江流域水生生物资源监测工作会”，部署长江流域水生生物资源监测，以评估长江禁捕效果和长江生物完整性，监测范围覆盖实施全面禁捕的长江流域332个水生生物保护区及“一江”、“两湖”、“七河”。当前长江水生生物监测主要依靠非常有限的相关科研部门的主动捕捞，受监测过程中捕捞方式、捕捞范围、捕捞时间、捕捞努力量等的限制，对水生生物物种组成的覆盖度、灵敏度以及监测费效比都较低，难以满足未来长江水生生物的系统监测需求。环境DNA、宏条形码、高通量测序技术给长江水生生物监测提供了新的技术路径，因此亟需探索和制定长江水生生物环境DNA监测和评估的技术体系。本研究旨为该技术体系的探索和建立做出一点努力。

采样

渔获物测量论文摘要为了探讨大型河流中的eDNA监测效率, 以长江为大型河流的代表, 以鱼类为水生生物的代表, 分析传统捕捞监测和eDNA监测结果的差异, 研究eDNA监测技术对长江武汉江段鱼类组成的监测能力、监测效率、平行样设置等问题。结果显示: (1)用1对eDNA宏条形码引物(mlCOIintF/jgHCO2198R)共监测到89种鱼类, 其中30种可与历史捕捞调查记录互相确认, 另外59种需要更完善的条形码数据库来解决序列比对注释问题; (2) 9月在武汉监测断面, 可用单引物(mlCOIintF/jgHCO2198R) eDNA监测到的物种最优估计约99种, 单样品eDNA监测的鱼类物种检出能力约为26种, 检出效率约为25.8%; (3) 在80%的检出度目标下, 需要约10个平行样, 在95%的检出度目标下, 需要约17个平行样。本研究在长江武汉江段鱼类eDNA监测效率和平行样设置的相关量化结果可为长江其他断面及其他大型河流的eDNA监测提供量化参考。同时, 本研究表明, 更完善的DNA宏条形码数据库和合适的平行样设置是未来eDNA监测作为常规监测手段进行运用的前提。主要结果

图1  捕捞监测的物种记录数(a)和物种积累曲线(b)表1  捕捞监测的渔获物尾数比和重量比物种species拉丁名 scientific name尾数比/% proportion of number重量比/% proportion of weight短颌鲚Coilia brachygnathus20.853.46麦瑞加拉鲮Cirrhhina mrigala12.806.74达氏鲌Chanodichthys dabryi7.473.31银鲴Xenocypris argentea7.273.30翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus7.086.16鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix5.7211.32黑尾近红鲌Ancherythroculter nigrocauda5.532.59铜鱼Coreius heterodon4.952.98鲇Silurus asotus4.365.51鲂Megalobrama skolkovii4.071.01粗唇鮠Leiocassis crassilabris3.011.58长吻鮠Leiocassis longirostris2.422.54草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus1.8414.60蒙古鲌Chanodichthys mongolicus1.841.71鳙Aristichthys nobilis1.7519.11鲤Cyprinus carpio1.366.57瓦氏黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus vachellii1.360.51鳊Parabramis pekinensis1.071.15长蛇鮈Saurogobio dumerili0.970.60大口鲇Silurus meridionalis0.580.29光泽黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus nitidus0.580.13鲫Carassius auratus0.480.14飘鱼Pseudolaubuca sinensis0.480.20鳜Siniperca chuatsi0.390.15鳡Elopichthys bambusa0.290.40拟尖头鲌Culter oxycephaloides0.290.26青鱼Mylopharyngodon piceus0.292.54杂交鲟0.190.78斑鳜Siniperca scherzeri0.100.03赤眼鳟Squaliobarbus curriculus0.100.23鲮Cirrhinus molitorella0.100.04蛇鮈Saurogobio dabryi0.100.00似鳊Pseudobrama simoni0.100.00团头鲂Megalobrama amblycephala0.100.01刀鲚Coilia ectenes0.100.05

图2  eDNA监测的物种记录数(a)和物种积累曲线(b)表2  eDNA监测的各物种eDNA相对丰度目order科 family物种 species中文注释说明 annotation相对丰度% relative richnessCypriniformesXenocyprididaeCtenopharyngodon idella草鱼*47.91CypriniformesXenocyprididaeXenocypris argentea银鲴*15.94CypriniformesXenocyprididaeHypophthalmichthys molitrix鲢*6.72CypriniformesXenocyprididaeAncherythroculter nigrocauda黑尾近红鲌*6.32unclassified_ActinopteriSphyraenidaeSphyraena acutipinnis尖鳍魣, 魣科2.33OsteoglossiformesMormyridaePetrocephalus simus岩头鱼, 象鼻鱼科1.92SiluriformesSiluridaeSilurus meridionalis大口鲇*1.80CypriniformesXenocyprididaeHypophthalmichthys nobilis鳙*1.76PleuronectiformesCynoglossidaeSymphurus thermophilus蜇栖无线鳎, 舌鳎科1.59SiluriformesBagridaeLeiocassis longirostris长吻鮠*1.57CypriniformesXenocyprididaeSqualiobarbus curriculus赤眼鳟*1.43CypriniformesCyprinidaeCyprinus carpio鲤*0.97CypriniformesCyprinidaeCirrhinus mrigala麦瑞加拉鲮*0.82StomiiformesDiplophidaeTriplophos hemingi三钻光鱼, 双光鱼科0.73GobiiformesGobiidaeEviota zonura绿带矶塘鳢, 虾虎鱼科0.59CypriniformesXenocyprididaeMylopharyngodon piceus青鱼*0.52GobiesociformesGobiesocidaeLepadichthys frenatus连鳍喉盘鱼, 喉盘鱼科0.49SiluriformesBagridaePseudobagrus albomarginatus白边拟鲿*0.42Cypriniformesunclassified CypriniformesMegalobrama terminalis or Culter alburnus三角鲂* (或翘嘴鲌)0.40AulopiformesParalepididaeLestidium prolixum长裸蜥鱼, 魣蜥鱼科0.38UranoscopiformesPinguipedidaeParapercis flavipinna黄鳍金枪鱼, 肥足鰧科0.36SiluriformesSiluridaeSilurus asotus鲇*0.31CypriniformesGobionidaeCoreius heterodon铜鱼*0.26PempheriformesGlaucosomatidaeGlaucosoma buergeri叶鲷, 叶鲷科0.26PerciformesNototheniidaePatagonotothen tessellata短吻南美南极鱼, 南极鱼科0.24PerciformesZoarcidaePachycara sp. MOP110593壮绵鳚属, 绵鳚科0.24LabriformesLabridaeThalassoma lutescens胸斑锦鱼, 隆头鱼科0.23CypriniformesXenocyprididaeParabramis pekinensis鳊*0.23CypriniformesXenocyprididaeCulter alburnus翘嘴鲌*0.20CypriniformesXenocyprididaeCulter oxycephaloides拟尖头鲌*0.19SiluriformesLoricariidaeSchizolecis guntheri冈瑟氏裂盘鲶, 甲鲶科0.19ClupeiformesEngraulidaeCoilia brachygnathus短颌鲚*0.16CypriniformesXenocyprididaeChanodichthys mongolicus蒙古鲌*0.14CypriniformesCatostomidaeCarpiodes carpio鲤亚口鱼，亚口鱼科0.13SiluriformesAspredinidaePterobunocephalus depressus丘鲇, 疣体鲇科0.11CypriniformesXenocyprididaeElopichthys bambusa鳡*0.11CypriniformesXenocyprididaePseudolaubuca sinensis飘鱼*0.10AcipenseriformesAcipenseridaeAcipenser baerii西伯利亚鲟, 鲟科0.09GobiiformesGobiidaeGobiosoma bosc薄氏鮈虾虎鱼, 虾虎鱼科0.08GobiiformesGobiidaeOdontamblyopus rubicundus红狼牙虾虎鱼*0.08SyngnathiformesCallionymidaeRepomucenus filamentosus斜棘䲗属, 䲗科0.08CypriniformesDanionidaeOpsarius barna巴納低線鱲,亚科0.07CypriniformesGobionidaeSqualidus argentatus银鮈*0.07CypriniformesCyprinidaeCarassius auratus or Megalobrama  amblycephala or Carassius cuvieri鲫* (或团头鲂, 白鲫)0.06PerciformesPsychrolutidaeCottunculus microps极地隐棘杜父鱼, 隐棘杜父鱼科0.06SiluriformesBagridaePseudobagrus brevicorpus短体拟鲿, 鲿科0.06SiluriformesLoricariidaeHarttia loricariformis哈氏甲鲶, 甲鲶科0.06AulopiformesSynodontidaeSynodus sp. 1 BOLD-2019狗母鱼属, 狗母鱼科0.06PerciformesZoarcidaeZoarces gillii吉氏绵鳚, 绵鳚科0.06SiluriformesBagridaeTachysurus nitidus光泽黄颡鱼*0.06ChaetodontiformesChaetodontidaeHeniochus singularius四带马夫鱼, 蝴蝶鱼科0.05CyprinodontiformesPoeciliidaeGambusia affinis食蚊鱼*0.05CypriniformesGastromyzontidaePseudogastromyzon fasciatus拟腹吸鳅, 腹吸鳅科0.04CypriniformesLeuciscidaeTribolodon sachalinensis玫瑰三齿雅罗鱼, 鲤科0.04CypriniformesXenocyprididaePseudobrama simoni似鳊*0.04HolocentriformesHolocentridaeMyripristis jacobus黑条锯鳞鱼, 鳂科0.04LampriformesRegalecidaeRegalecus glesne皇带鱼, 皇带鱼科0.04PleuronectiformesPleuronectidaePleuronichthys cornutus木叶鲽, 鲽科0.04SyngnathiformesMullidaeUpeneus sulphureus黄带绯鲤, 羊鱼科0.04CharaciformesBryconidaeBrycon chagrensis巴拿马啮脂鲤, 啮脂鲤科0.03CharaciformesSerrasalmidaeSerrasalmus elongatus长身锯脂鲤, 锯脂鲤科0.03ClupeiformesClupeidaePotamothrissa acutirostris尖吻河棱鲱, 鲱科0.03ScombriformesStromateidaePeprilus triacanthus三刺低鳍鲳, 鲳科0.03SiluriformesLoricariidaePeckoltia simulata梳钩鲶属, 甲鲶科0.03CarangiformesCarangidaeElagatis sp. BOLD:AAB3730纺锤鰤属, 鲹科0.02CharaciformesCharacidaeDeuterodon langei兰格氏副齿脂鲤, 脂鲤科0.02CypriniformesDanionidaeRasbora myersi麦氏波鱼, 鲤科0.02CypriniformesXenocyprididaeHemiculter bleekeri贝氏䱗*0.02CyprinodontiformesPoeciliidaeXiphophorus birchmanni剑尾鱼, 花鳉科0.02GobiiformesGobiidaeRhinogobius similis真吻虾虎鱼, 虾虎鱼科0.02PempheriformesPempheridaePempheris sp. LIDMA2395-15单鳍鱼属, 单鳍鱼科0.02PerciformesZoarcidaeLycodes diapterus黑狼绵鳚, 绵鳚科0.02SiluriformesPlotosidaeCnidoglanis macrocephalus大头荨麻鳗鲇, 鳗鲇科0.02ScatophagiformesScatophagidaeScatophagus argus金钱鱼, 金钱鱼科0.02BlenniiformesTripterygiidaeEnneanectes reticulatus粗头岩游鳚, 三鳍鳚科0.02CentrarchiformesCentrarchidaeEnneacanthus gloriosus蓝点九棘日鲈, 太阳鱼科0.02ClupeiformesClupeidaeGonialosa manmina恆河多鳞鰶, 鲱科0.02CypriniformesGobionidaeSaurogobio dabryi蛇鮈*0.02CypriniformesNemacheilidaeTuberoschistura baenzigeri朋氏瘤粒条鳅, 条鳅亚科0.02CyprinodontiformesGoodeidaeGoodea atripinnis黑鳍谷鮰, 古德鳉科0.02CyprinodontiformesRivulidaeNematolebias whitei怀氏线小鳉, 溪鳉科0.02GobiiformesGobiidaeAmblyeleotris marquesas钝塘鳢属, 虾虎鱼科0.02GobiiformesGobiidaeBathygobius geminatus深虾虎鱼属, 虾虎鱼科0.02LutjaniformesLutjanidaePterocaesio digramma双带鳞鳍梅鲷, 梅鲷科0.02PerciformesPercidaePercina gymnocephala裸首小鲈, 鲈科0.02PerciformesSerranidaeRypticus subbifrenatus斑纹皂鲈, 鮨科0.02SiluriformesAmblycipitidaeAmblyceps mangois钝头鮠, 钝头鮠科0.02SiluriformesChacidaeChaca bankanensis班甘连尾鮡, 连尾鮡科0.02SpariformesLethrinidaeLethrinus crocineus印度洋裸颊鲷, 裸颊鲷科0.02注: 用星号*标注的物种为历史捕捞调查结果所确认的物种.

图3  eDNA监测识别的鱼类物种与捕捞调查记录的鱼类物种间的关系作者简介

第一作者：杨海乐博士