There be 句型用法、考点

NO.1
There be 句型基本认识
1、  定义:
There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2、结构:
(1)There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
注意事项:  there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如:
① There is a bird in the tree.
树上有一只鸟。
② There is a teacher and many students in ourclassroom.
我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
③ There are two boysand a girl under the tree.
树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。
NO.2
there be 句型考点
1
各种句型的变化
1、变成否定
There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,nota/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如:
①There are some pictures on the wall.
→There aren't any pictures on the wall.
=There are no pictures on the wall.
②There is a bike behind the tree.
→There isn't a bike behind the tree.
=There is no bike behind the tree.
2、变成一般疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。
①There is some water on Mars.
→ Is there any water on Mars?
②There are some fish in the water.
→Are there any fish in the water?
3、特殊疑问句
对主语提问:当主语是人的时候,则用who 引导,当主语是物的时候,则用what引导。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如:
①There are many things over there.
→What's over there?
②There is a little girl in theroom.
→Who is in the room?
对地点状语提问:则用where 引导。如:
①There is a computer on the desk.
→ Where is the computer?
②There are four children on the playground.
→Where are the four children?
对数量提问:般有两种句型结构:
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?
2
there be 句型的时态
be可以有现在时(there is/are)
过去时(there was/were)
将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)
完成时(there have/has been)
还可用there must be ,there can’t be, there used to be等。
①--There ___ a concert this evening.
--Yeah.Exciting news!
   A. are going to be
B. is going to be
C. is going to have
D.will have
答案:B
3
there be 句型反义疑问句的构成
be (not) there? 如:
There is some milk in the bottle, ____?
A.isn't there
B.aren't there
C.isn't it
D.are there
答案:A
4
there be 句型的主谓一致
There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。如:
1.There___any rice in the bowl.
A. are   B.is  C. isn’t  D. aren’t
2.There ___ many apples on the tree last year.
A. have been
B.were
C. are
D.is
5
there be 句型用的其他动词
there be 句型中有时不用动词be ,而用come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be , happen to be ,等。如:
There ____ a knife and a forkon the table. (2007黄冈)
A. seems to be
B.  seem to be
C. is seeming to be
D. are
剖析:根据就近原则,首先排除B、D,而 there be 句型中有时不用动词be ,而用come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be等,所以答案应从A、C中选。感官动词一般不用进行时,故C也不正确。
注意事项:there be 句型与have句型的区别(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下:There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。 如:
He has two sons.
他有两个儿子。
There are two men in the office.
办公室里有两个男人。
(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,Therebe 句型与其可互换。如:
A week has seven days.
=There are seven days in a week.
一个星期有七天。
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