20171102 长难句每日一句
【昨日回顾】
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.
许多世纪以来哲学家一直对语言与思维的关系颇感兴趣。希腊人认为，语言结构与思维的过程之间存在着某种联系。这种想法，早在人们意识到语言会有多么千差万别之前在欧洲就已经根深蒂固了。
【今日长难句】
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologists—linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.
四六级考研复习中的困惑
欢迎长按二维码分答提问
【句子结构】
1. 首句主干为only位于句首引导的部分倒装结构，具体规则如下：副词only置于句首， 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时， 主句要进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为状语从句， 该状语从句不倒装， 只对主句进行部分倒装。部分倒装的语序与一般疑问句相同（见下面的实例）
例：正常语序：When your identity has been checked, you will be allowed in. (当你的身份被核实之后，你才能被允许进去。)
半倒装语序：Only when your identity has been checked, will you be allowed in. (只有当你的身份被核实之后，你才能被允许进去。Only +when 引导的时间状语从句（从句不到装），主句采用部分倒装的形式)。
2. that 引导定语从句，根据that从句的系动词were可判定定语从句修饰languages.
3. 二句虽然30个单词整句较长，但主干为简单句，即主系表结构 == two anthropologists—linguists /were / pioneers；Franz Boas and Edward Sapir 为主语的同位语，翻译时可直接抄写英文原名或音译为汉语。
4. 介词短语in describing many native languages of North and South America 修饰pioneers, 作为名词的修饰成分，可译为“的”结构。
5. 介词短语during the first half of the twentieth century 为整句话的时间状语。
【词的处理】
linguist n. 语言学家
serious adj. 严肃的，严重的；认真的；
study n. 学习，研究；课题
anthropologists—linguists 人类学家、语言学家（即同时是人类学家和语言学家）
pioneer n. 先锋；拓荒者
native adj. 本国的；土著的；天然的
【参考译文】
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologists—linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.
译文1
直到最近语言学家才开始认真研究与自己的母语截然不同的语言。两位人类学家、语言学家Franz Boas 和Edward Sapir 是二十世纪上半叶描述北美和南美很多土著语言的先驱者。
译文2
直到最近语言学家才开始认真研究与自己的母语截然不同的语言。两位人类学家、语言学家佛朗茨·博厄斯和爱德华·萨皮尔在二十世纪上半叶描述了北美和南美许多土著语言，在这方面他们堪称先驱。
【明日预告】
We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished，as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.