初中语法:什么是“现在完成进行时”?一篇文章带你搞清楚!

现在完成时

标志:have / has + 动词的过去分词

1. 表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果,强调的是现在的状况(表示“已完成”)。如:

He has left the city. (结果:他目前不在这个城市)

Someone has broken the window. (结果:窗户破了)

2. 表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也可能还会继续持续下去(表示“未完成”)。

I have been busy since last week.

He has taught in our school for 30 years.

I’ve finished half so far.

注意 瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的,但其否定结构则可以。如:

She hasn’t seen you for ages.

His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.

3. 表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态,常与表示频度的副词always, often, every day等连用。如:

I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.

4. 在时间和条件状语从句中,现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作。如:

I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.

If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.

5. 与现在完成时连用的常见词语
能与现在完成时连用的词语很多,just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等,但常见的有:
1) since 自从

I have been there many times since the war.

We haven’t seen each other since last week.

We have been friends ever since.

2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在过去/最近…中

I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.

Great changes have take place in the last ten years.

I have been here (for) the last/past month.

3) so far 到目前为止

We haven’t had any trouble so far.

So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.

4)  up to/until now 到现在为止

Up to now he’s been quiet.

Up to now, the work has been easy.

I have heard nothing from him up till now.

Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.

5)  It is/will be the first/second … time that … 这是第一/二…次…

It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.

It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.

It is the second time (that) I have met him today.

6)  This is + 形容词最高级 + that … 这是最…

This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.

6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1) 现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果,与现在有联系;
而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去,不涉及对现在的影响。如:

I have seen this film. (我已经看过了这部电影)

I saw this film yesterday. (我是昨天看的这部电影)

2) 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用(如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等),或者干脆没有时间状语;
而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用(如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等)。
3) 现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词(如live, teach, work, know等);
而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词(如begin, buy, die, marry等)。如:

He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.

My grandfather bought the car five years ago.

7. 易错点辨析
1)  考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达,这是错误的。如:

(×) He has died for two years. 他死了两年了。

(√) He has been dead for two years.

(√) He died two years ago.

(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes. 电影开演十分钟了。

(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes.

(√) The film began 10 minutes ago.

(×) She has married for three years. 她结婚有三年了。

(√) She has been married for three years.

(√) She married Mike three years ago.

2) 考生不懂如何区分have been to和have gone to,尽管两者均可后接地点,但have been to表示去过某地(现在已经回来了),have gone to表示到某地去了(现在还没回来)。如:

She has been to Paris (three times).

She has gone to Paris.

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