余志远《英语国家概况》笔记和课后答案pdf网课视频
第一部分 英国
第1章 国土与人民
1.1 复习笔记
【知识框架】
Ⅰ. Geographical Features
1. The UK’s Geographical Location and Its Size
2. Rivers and Lakes
Ⅱ. Climate
1. A Maritime Climate
2. Factors Which Influence the Climate
3. Rainfall
Ⅲ. Plant and Animal Life
1. Plant Life
2. Animal Life
Ⅳ. People
1. Ethnic Groups
2. Languages
3. Religion
4. Urbanization
5. Population Growth
6. Migration Patterns
【重难点归纳】
1. Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland, and Wales. Together with Northern Ireland, it forms the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2. The total population of the UK was around 63 million, which is the third-largest in the European Union and the 22nd-largest in the world.
3. The UK is a developed country with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally.
4. The UK’s capital is London, and it has other major cities including, Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester in England and so on.
1. 大不列颠由英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成。它同北爱尔兰一起组成了大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
2. 英国总人口约为6300万，是欧盟第三大人口国，世界第二十二人口国。
3. 英国是一个发达国家，在经济、文化、军事、科技、政治等领域都具有相当的国际影响力。
4. 英国的首都是伦敦，其他主要城市包括英国的伯明翰、利物浦和曼彻斯特等。
Ⅰ. Geographical Features
1. The UK’s Geographical Location and Its Size
(1) The UK is bordered on the south by the English Channel, on the cast by the North Sea, and on the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Its only land border with another nation is between Northern Ireland and Ireland.
(2) The UK is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel.
(3) The UK covers a total area of 244,110 sq. km.
(4) England is the largest, most populous, and wealthiest division of the UK.
Ⅰ. 地理特征
1. 英国的地理位置及其规模
(1) 英国的南面是英吉利海峡，北面是北海，西面是爱尔兰海和大西洋。它与另一个国家唯一的陆地边界是在北爱尔兰和爱尔兰之间。
(2) 英吉利海峡把英国与欧洲其他地区隔开。
(3) 英国国土面积24.41万平方公里。
(4) 英格兰是英国最大、人口最多、最富有的地区。
2. Rivers and Lakes
(1) Rivers in central and eastern Britain tend to flow slowly and steadily all year long. Many have been navigable. The Highlands act as a divide and determine whether rivers flow west to the Irish Sea or cast to the North Sea.
(2) The Thames and the Severn are the longest rivers in Britain and are almost equal in length.
(3) In Scotland the important rivers are the Clyde and the Forth, which arc joined by a canal.
(4) Loch Lomond is the largest on the island of Great Britain. Lake Windermere is the largest of the 15 major lakes in the famous Lake District of northwestern England.
2. 河流和湖泊
(1) 英国中部和东部的河流常年缓慢而稳定地流动。很多河流都是可以航行的。高地作为分水岭，决定着河流是向西流入爱尔兰海，还是向北流入北海。
(2) 泰晤士河和塞文河是英国最长的河流，长度几乎相等。
(3) 在苏格兰，重要的河流是克莱德河和福斯河，它们由一条运河连接起来。
(4) 洛蒙德湖是大不列颠岛上最大的湖。温德米尔湖是英格兰西北部著名湖区15个主要湖泊中最大的一个。
Ⅱ. Climate
1. A Maritime Climate
It has a favorable maritime climate—winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot, and it has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year.
Ⅱ. 气候
1. 海洋性气候
英国海洋性气候宜人，冬天温和，不太冷；夏天凉爽，不太热。全年降水稳定。
2. Factors Which Influence the Climate
(1) The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer.
(2) The prevailing south-west winds blow over the country all the year round.
(3) The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.
2. 影响英国气候的因素
(1) 周围的海域平衡了季节的变化，冬天加热，夏天降温。
(2) 西南部的盛行风一年四季都吹向英国。