具有中国特色的个人信用积分——西楚分【经济学人精讲】第238期
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文章导读
本文选自《经济学人》2019年3月30日文章。去年宿迁市率先推行个人信用积分“西楚分”，做好事、献血、成为劳模等可以加分，而拖欠贷款、物业费等不良行为则会减分，根据分值高低分8个等级，分值高的公民可获得奖励，享受各种优惠政策，而分值低的公民则会受到一定惩罚，通过这种规则，建立社会诚信体系，提高公民诚信意识。但事情真会这样吗？看看《经济学人》怎么说。
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英文原文
Social management
Keeping tabs
China’s “social credit” scheme uses cajolery and sanctions to make people behave
Just over a year ago, the eastern city of Suqian announced a plan to score the “trustworthiness” of every adult resident. Everyone would start with 1,000 points. They could get more for performing good deeds, such as voluntary work, giving blood, donating bone-marrow or being a model worker. Points would be deducted for bad behaviour such as defaulting on loans, late payment of utility bills, breaking the rules of the road or being convicted of a crime. Scores would be recalculated monthly and allow residents to be sorted into eight categories, from aaa (model citizen) to d (untrustworthy).
Suqian calls the system “Xichu Points”, after the ancient kingdom of Western Chu to which the area once belonged. It appears to be up and running. A government once in the city offers leaflets explaining how it works. Residents can look up their rating by entering their identity-card number into a mini-app running on WeChat, a popular instant-messaging programme. Their score is indicated by a virtual pointer on a dial that is coloured green at one extreme and red at the other. Scorers at the green end can receive rewards, such as a discount of up to 80 yuan ($12) a month on local-transport passes and admission to hospital without having to pay a deposit.
02
选文精读
Social management 社会管理
Keeping tabs 监视
China’s “social credit” scheme uses cajolery and sanctions to make people behave
中国的“社会信用”方案利用好处和制裁来迫使人们行为检点
cajolery: n. 甜言蜜语；诱骗，这里指一些小的好处
Just over a year ago, the eastern city of Suqian announced a plan to score the “trustworthiness” of every adult resident. Everyone would start with 1,000 points. They could get more for performing good deeds, such as voluntary work, giving blood, donating bone-marrow or being a model worker. Points would be deducted for bad behaviour such as defaulting on loans, late payment of utility bills, breaking the rules of the road or being convicted of a crime. Scores would be recalculated monthly and allow residents to be sorted into eight categories, from aaa (model citizen) to d (untrustworthy).
good deeds: 善行，好事
donate bone-marrow: 捐献骨髓
model worker: 模范工人
default on:
拖欠、未出席 (fail to fulfill an obligation, especially to repay a loan or to appear in a court of law.), eg. some had defaulted on student loans. default比较普遍的意思是名词“拖欠”，default risk：拖欠风险，此外该词还有名词“默认”的意思，default setting: 默认设置；default user: 默认用户。《卫报》一篇介绍腾讯微信的文章中就说到，微信是全球华人的默认程序：
[卫报例句]：WeChat, which now has more than one billion users, is not only wildly popular within China, but its ease of use and the completeness of its services, which include payment and banking, make it the default social app for many Chinese speakers and immigrant communities across the globe. 微信目前拥有超过10亿的用户，不仅在中国广受欢迎，而且其易用性和包括支付和银行业务在内的服务的全面性，使其成为全球许多讲中文和华裔社区默认的社交应用程序。
utility bills: 物业账单、水电费
就在一年多前，东部城市宿迁市宣布了一项计划，为每一位成年居民的“可信度”打分。每个人都从1000分开始。如果做了好事，如志愿者工作，献血，捐骨髓或成为模范工人，他们可以得到更多的分数。拖欠贷款、拖欠物业费、违反交通规则或犯罪等不良行为将被扣分。评分会按月重新计算，并将居民分为八类，从3A(模范公民)到D(不值得信任的公民)。
Suqian calls the system “Xichu Points”, after the ancient kingdom of Western Chu to which the area once belonged. It appears to be up and running. A government once in the city offers leaflets explaining how it works. Residents can look up their rating by entering their identity-card number into a mini-app running on WeChat, a popular instant-messaging programme. Their score is indicated by a virtual pointer on a dial that is coloured green at one extreme and red at the other. Scorers at the green end can receive rewards, such as a discount of up to 80 yuan ($12) a month on local-transport passes and admission to hospital without having to pay a deposit.
deposit:
存款、押金。在签署合服务同时，我们经常会看到一个短语 advance deposit: 定金；bank deposit: 银行存款。在托福或雅思考试阅读文章中，“deposit”经常以“沉淀物（the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating）”的意思出现，eg. abysmal deposit: 深海沉积物。
宿迁将这一系统称为“西楚分”，以该地区曾归属的西楚古国的名字命名。它似乎已经启动并运行了。这个城市的政府曾通过发传单来解释它是如何运作的。居民可以通过在微信(一个流行的即时通讯程序)上运行的小程序中，输入自己的身份证号码来查看自己的评分。他们的分数由表盘上的虚拟指针表示，表盘一端为绿色，另一端为红色。分数在绿色端的人可以获得奖励，如每月80元(12美元)的优惠，在无需支付押金的情况下，获得当地交通通行许可和住院治疗。