巴黎圣母院的前世今生【卫报精讲】第251期
今天，全世界都心碎巴黎，各大媒体的头版头条都给了突然蒙难的人类文明瑰宝——巴黎圣母院。
《卫报》说：We share France's loss. 我们与法国同在。
《华盛顿邮报》说：Notre Dame suffers "colossal damage". 巴黎圣母院遭受灭顶之灾。
《金融时报》刊登“The story of a French national icon” 讲述巴黎圣母院的历史。
特朗普总统也在火灾后，第一时间发布推特支招：巴黎圣母院的大火看样子很大，太可怕了，得用飞机灭火，赶紧的！
法国消防部门也在推特上对此进行回应，我们用了所有能用的办法进行灭火，除了用飞机从天上洒水灭火，因为:
“dropping water by airplane on this type of building could result in the collapse of the entire structure.”
虽然法国总统马克龙发誓要重建巴黎圣母院，
但是即使建造的再雄伟壮丽，
也不再是那个见证过拿破仑加冕、圣女贞德昭雪、两次世界大战结束的巴黎圣母院，
不再是雨果笔下卡西莫多和埃斯梅拉达凄美爱情诞生的地方。
接下来，我们随着《卫报》中刊登的“Our Lady of Paris: a history of Notre Dame Cathedral”文章，走进巴黎圣母院的前世今生。
Our Lady of Paris: a history of Notre Dame Cathedral
我们的巴黎夫人:巴黎圣母院的历史
The masterpiece of Gothic architecture has been a symbol of French capital for 850 years
这座哥特式建筑的杰作作为法国首都的象征已有850年的历史
Notre-Dame de Paris – Our Lady of Paris – has been one of the most enduring and symbolic monuments of the French capital and among the most celebrated cathedrals in Europe.
巴黎圣母院——我们的巴黎夫人——是法国首都最持久也是最具象征意义的建筑之一，也是欧洲最著名的大教堂之一。
To many Parisians, the 850-year-old landmark is quite simply the heart of their city, its two Gothic square towers rising above surrounding buildings along the river Seine.
对许多巴黎人来说，这座有着850年历史的地标性建筑简直就是他们城市的心脏，它的两座哥特式方形塔楼高耸于塞纳河沿岸的建筑之上。
It is the cathedral of French cathedrals, with one of the longest and richest of histories: the site of royal weddings, the consecration of Napoleon Bonaparte as emperor and the beatification of Joan of Arc. It is also where the public celebrates the lives of the great and good.
它是法国大教堂中的大教堂，也是拥有最悠久和最丰富的历史之一的大教堂：皇室婚礼举办地，拿破仑的皇帝加冕地和圣女贞德的受福之地。它也是公众颂扬伟人和楷模的地方。
It was at Notre Dame in 1431 that Henry VI, king of England, was crowned king of France, and James V, king of Scotland, married Madeleine of France in 1537. Requiem masses were held there for presidents Charles de Gaulle and François Mitterrand.
1431年英格兰国王亨利六世在圣母院加冕为法国国王，1537年苏格兰国王詹姆斯五世与法国马德琳在圣母院结婚，为戴高乐总统和密特朗总统举行安魂弥撒也是在圣母院。
The cathedral was immortalised in popular culture by Victor Hugo in his Gothic novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame, later turned into a Disney film.
维克多·雨果的哥特式小说《巴黎圣母院》让这座大教堂在流行文化中永垂不朽，这部小说后来被改编成一部迪斯尼电影。
Notre Dame Cathedral was commissioned by King Louis VII who wanted it to be a symbol of Paris’s political, economic, intellectual and cultural power at home and abroad. The city had emerged as the centre of power in France and needed a religious monument to match its new status.
圣母院是国王路易七世委托建造的，他希望它能成为巴黎在国内外政治、经济、知识和文化力量的象征。这座城市已成为法国的权力中心，也需要一座宗教式建筑来映衬它的新地位。
A medieval basilica occupying the site chosen by the king at the eastern end of the Île de la Cité, one of two islands in the Seine, was torn down to its foundations so the new cathedral could be built.
巴黎圣母院坐落于塞纳河边上两个岛屿的其中之一——西岱岛的东端，该地为国王所选，为了建造这座新的大教堂，该地原来的一座中世纪大教堂被拆掉了。
The first stone of what was to be a massive edifice measuring 130m long and 48m wide, is said to have been laid in 1163, in the presence of Pope Alexander III, but it took another 200 years to complete and underwent frequent modifications in the following centuries.
这座巨大建筑的第一块石头长130米，宽48米，据说这块石头落地是在1163年，当时教皇亚历山大三世也见证了这一时刻，之后又花了200年的时间才建成，并在随后的几个世纪里频繁修建。
The two towers on the west facade, measuring 69m high, were built in the early 13th century. The north tower is accessible to visitors via a 387-step staircase, while the south tower is home to the cathedral’s 10 bells. Among the most famous of the bells, the bourdon – named Emmanuel – has tolled at most major events in the history of France, including the coronation of kings, papal visits and to mark the end of two world wars.
西面的两座塔高69米，建于13世纪早期。游客可以通过387级楼梯进入北塔，而南塔是大教堂10座大钟的所在地。在众多著名的钟中，被称作以马内利的大钟——在法国历史上的大多数重大事件中都敲响了钟声，包括国王加冕礼、教皇造访以及两次世界大战的结束。
It was also rung to mark the destruction of New York’s Twin Towers on 11 September 2001. The original spire, built around the same time as the towers, was removed in the 18th century but later replaced.
2001年9月11日，纽约的双子塔被毁时，这座大钟也敲响了。最初的塔尖，大约与这些塔建于同一时期，在18世纪被拆除，但后来又被重建。
Desecrated during the French Revolution, by the early 19th century, the cathedral was crumbling and half-ruined inside. The crowning of Napoleon as emperor followed by the success of Hugo’s novel focused attention on the building, prompting major restorations in the mid-19th century.
在19世纪早期的法国大革命期间，这座教堂遭到破坏，内部已经半数被毁。拿破仑加冕为皇帝，之后雨果的小说大获成功，使得这座建筑备受关注，这也促使人们在19世纪中期对它进行了大修复。
As well as the wooden rib-vaulted ceiling which has been largely destroyed by the fire, there are fears about the fate of the extraordinary three “rose” stained-glass windows and the many historical artefacts inside the cathedral, including the 17th-century organ. Several precious religious relics, revered by Catholics, were inside the building. On the roof there were a number of beehives.
除了基本被大火摧毁的木质拱顶天花板，人们还担心教堂里那三扇不同寻常的“玫瑰”彩色玻璃窗以及包括17世纪风琴在内的许多历史文物的命运。几件珍贵的宗教文物被天主教徒所尊崇，陈列在大楼内，屋顶上还有许多蜂箱。
As well as a historic monument and tourist attraction – drawing around 13 million visitors a year - Notre Dame is the heart of the Roman Catholic church in Paris.
巴黎圣母院是一座历史古迹和旅游景点，每年吸引约1300万游客，是巴黎罗马天主教堂的中心。
As the fire raged on Monday evening battled by 400 firefighters, the former mayor of Paris Bertrand Delanoë could barely conceal his emotion saying he was “immensely sad” at the destruction of the cathedral. He added: “It’s an inestimable loss … Notre-Dame de Paris has to live. We must not resign ourselves to this … this is the heritage of all humanity.”
周一晚上，大火肆虐，400名消防员参与灭火，巴黎前市长贝特朗·德拉诺几乎无法掩饰自己的情绪，称他对大教堂被毁感到“非常悲伤”。他补充说:“这是一个无法估量的损失……巴黎圣母院必须生存下去。我们不能对此置之不理……这是全人类的遗产。”
The Guardian / 1776 words / Apr 16 2019