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小编用英文课上睡着觉学来的丁点英文知识，结合翻译软件，结合网上其他已有的行业名词解释，结合喂鸡小哥近两年繁殖玄凤的一点经验，结合各位鸟友的交流分享，终于将这篇长长长长图文制作出来。希望各位鸟友不要嫌弃翻译水平的低下，至少拿来结合实际工作做个检验与总结，也算是提升养鸟技能。错了纠正，对了分享，实践是检验真理的唯一标准，欢迎各位鸟友批评指正，共同学习。
Tips
①图文中黄底字体为【喂鸡小哥说】。即喂鸡小哥结合日常经验，就原资料里的部分内容加以的解说。
②每张图片下方都用橙色字体标明了图片序号。后面部分图片内容与前图有重复的，小编直接在图片中标明了【见图几】。
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Origin: Dominant Silver is the eighth established mutation. The Dominant Silver mutation was discovered by Terry Cole in a pet shop in the United Kingdom in 1979.
起源：显性银是第八种建立的突变。1979年显银在英国一个宠物店中被特里科尔发现。
Dominant Silver cannot be visually detected from a Normal in the nest until they start to feather up. Dominant Silver will appear paler, with a brownish wash to their plumage. Their eyes are brown and the beak and legs are charcoal to black. The silver coloration is darker on the nape of the neck extending up onto the head, creating a hood-like effect. This is commonly referred to as the skullcap, and is a result of additional melanin deposits. The skullcap is present on both sexes in varying degrees. The normal variation of Dominant Silver will have the yellow barring, and orange cheek patches similar to a Normal Grey. Sometimes a dark-toned baby may not show any of the visual dominant silver traits.
在巢中的显性银，在开始长羽毛之前无法从视觉上辨明出来。显性银会通过褐色洗盖羽毛而呈浅色。它们的眼睛是棕色的，嘴巴和脚是炭黑色的。较深的银颜色从后颈延伸到头上，形成一个类似罩状的效果，这个通常被称为头骨帽，是额外的黑色素沉淀的结果。头骨帽不同程度上都存在于公鸟和母鸟身上。显性银的正常变化会有黄色的限制，而面颊橙色块与原始灰类似。有时深色调的雏鸟不会有任何显性银的视觉特征。
【喂鸡小哥说】黑色头骨帽这个问题，很多鸟友认为是带了绿宝石基因，如上所述，显银本身是带有这个特征的，而不是绿宝石专属。后面也会详细对比显银与绿宝石。
NOTE: A Dominant Silver will have dark eyes, feet and beak, whereas a Recessive Silver will have red eyes and light toned beak and feet. (see comparison below)
I have learned that as the baby pinfeathers to look at the density or sparseness of the pin-feathered pattern behind the crest. I have noticed that the visual babies will have a sparse pattern, and the non-visuals will have a dense pattern.
注意：一只显性银会有黑色的眼睛、脚和嘴巴，而一只隐性银会有红色的眼睛以及浅色调的脚和嘴巴。（见下图比较）
我已经知道查看雏鸟顶冠后面初生羽稠密还是稀疏，我发现，视觉显银雏鸟的是稀疏的，而非视觉显银雏鸟的是稠密的。
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Adult coloration is gradual, and may take 3-4 molts to attain the birds’ final coloration. With each molt the bird will lighten up in color. The cocks tend to get lighter with each successive molt. A Dominant Silver that feathers out very dark can take anywhere from 1-3 molts before they lighten up. Usually by the time a SF Dominant Silver cock is 3-4 years old he will have molted out as light as he is going to get.
成年鸟着色是渐变的，可能需要3-4次换羽才能达到这只鸟的最终着色。每一次换羽，鸟的颜色都会变浅。公鸟每次换羽都会变得更浅色。一只羽色很黑的显性银在颜色变浅之前可以经历1-3次换羽。通常一只单基因显性银公鸟在三四岁的时候将换羽至它最后得到的浅色调。
【喂鸡小哥说】显银特别有意思，这是他目前接触到的唯一一款可以通过羽毛颜色辨认年龄的品种，年龄越大，特征越明显，颜色越淡。这让想要购买显银的鸟友，一眼就能分辨出是幼鸟还是成年鸟。
The hens do not lighten up as much as the cocks. Most will be the same color when adults as they were as they were when they were young. The hens that do lighten up will only go a shade or two lighter, with a warm chocolate colored shade to their plumage. Hens do not change much in coloration. They may always look like a normal gray mutation that has a chocolate wash. The hens will always remain darker than cocks.
母鸟不像公鸟那样颜色会变得那么浅。大多数成年母鸟的颜色和它们幼年时一样。那些颜色会变浅的母鸟只会变浅一两个色度，在羽毛上会有一个暖巧克力色的阴影。母鸟在颜色上不会有很大变化，它们可能总是看起来像带有巧克力色浸染的原始灰。母鸟总是比公鸟更黑。
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The Single Factor Dominant Silver (SFDS) can sometimes be mistaken for a light toned Cinnamon because of the slight brown wash to the grey. Selective breeding may lead to the establishment of paler lines without the tan/brown wash.
单基因显性银（SFDS）有时会被误认为是浅色调肉桂，因为轻微的棕色洗到灰色。选择育种可能导致建立没有棕褐色洗涤的苍白线条。
Genetically the Cinnamon-toned Dominant Silver are not a result of the sex-linked Cinnamon, yet will look very similar, but the bird should still exhibit several of the Dominant Silver traits such the darker skullcap, and diluted centers and dark edging to the wing flights.
从基因遗传上来说，肉桂色调的显银并不是伴性肉桂的结果，但看起来会非常相似，不过这种鸟仍然会呈现几个显性银的特征，例如深色的头盖骨，中心稀释而边缘黑暗的飞羽。
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Single Factor (SF) and Double Factor Dominant Silver (DF) cockatiels can be visually identified by their coloration. As shown the depth of coloration can vary per bird. Double Factor birds are significantly lighter than Single Factor birds, appearing similar to a Lutino, but with a greyish beige wash to a pale mocha color. They will retain the dark skullcap, and the black coloration of the eyes and feet. This mutation is quite striking when crossed with Whiteface.
单基因和双基因显银玄凤可以通过它们的颜色进行视觉识别。如图所示每只鸟颜色的深度都不同。双显银明显比单显银浅色，看起来很像黄化，但用灰白的米色洗刷成苍白的摩卡色。它们将保留黑色的头盖骨，黑色的眼睛和黑色的脚。这种突变和白脸杂交时是很引人注目的。
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Dominant Silver is an interesting mutation to work with. Since it is a dominant mutation, it can be put with any normal (orange cheek patch bird) or a Whiteface, and you will get some Dominant Silver babies in each clutch. All you need is just one Dominant Silver of either sex to produce a visual.
显性银是一种有趣的突变。因为它是一种显性突变，可以和任何原始（脸颊有橙色补丁块的鸟）或白脸一起交配，然后将会在每一窝中得到一些显银雏鸟。你需要的只是一只任何性别的显银来产生视觉特征。
Dominant Silver can be in either Single Factor (SF) or Double Factor (DF). A SF Dominant Silver can vary in color from looking very similar to a normal (orange cheek patch bird) or normal Whiteface to a dilute grey or dilute Cinnamon-Fallow color. The color shades can vary within a clutch.
显性银可分为单基因（SF）和双基因（DF）。单基因显性银（单显银）可以有很大不同的颜色，从看起来和原始（脸颊有橙色补丁块的鸟）或原始白脸十分相似，到淡灰色或淡肉桂华乐颜色。同窝中可以有不同的色度。
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The Double Factor Dominant Silver (DFDS) tend to run on the small side. This is very characteristic of this mutation. Most breeders have found that it has been very difficult to get size up on the DF, and will focus more towards nice conformation and color. When breeding for Double Factor it is preferable to pair two large Single Factors together. Please be aware that even though both parents are healthy, that this pairing can result in a higher loss of chicks in the nest. If there are any visual Double Factor offspring, they should not be paired with a Dominant Silver when they mature. Always pair a Double Factor with a large Normal or WF Normal that has good conformation and other desirable traits. There should be at least 1-2 generations of outcrossing to a Normal, or Whiteface mutation before another pairing for Double Factor offspring. In doing this it helps this mutation to maintain and improve on size, vigor and health.
双基因显性银（双显银DFDS）倾向于小规模繁殖，这是这种突变很特征性的。很多繁育者已经发现很难规模上地（获得）双显银（小编提示：即数量较少），并且将更注重好的体格和色彩。当繁育双显银时，最好是将两只大的单显银配对。请注意，即使是双亲都健康，这种配对也会导致巢中损失更多雏鸟。如果有任何视觉双基因显银后代，它们成年后不应与显银配对。总是将一只双基因显银和一只大的原始或白脸原始配对会得到好的体格和其他理想的特征。在另一对双基因显银后代配对之前，至少要有1~2代与原始或白脸原始异交，这样做有助于这种突变保持和改善大小、活力和健康。
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When working with this mutation I have learned there are a few mutations that can affect the Dominant Silver visually. What contributes to this mutation being so unique is the unusual color, the skullcap, and the diluted silvery dark edged wing flights.
当我研究这种突变时，我发现有一些突变可以在视觉上影响显性银。导致这种突变如此独特的是不同寻常的颜色，头盖骨，和稀释的银黑色边缘羽翼。
Mutations such as sex-linked Cinnamon can mask these distinctive traits, resulting in a Dominant Silver that will visually look like a Cinnamon. Genetically it is still a Dominant Silver, even though it appears sex-linked Cinnamon. Lutino will also mask the Dominant silver traits. Some of the Dominant Silver color may bleed thru giving the bird a color tone similar to a Lutino Cinnamon. It most instances Lutino can totally mask the Dominant Silver coloration, thus a Lutino or WF lutino appearing bird. Pied will also mask many of the identifiable traits, such as eliminating the skullcap, and masking the dark edging and diluted centers to the wing flights. I have learned that since Pied can mask all the classic Dominant Silver traits a few clues may be present on the bird. As the Pied Dominant Silver matures the beak may turn black. Other clues would be black toenails, and if normal a brownish wash to the dark grey patches of the plumage.
像伴性肉桂这样的突变会掩盖这些独特的特征，导致显性银视觉上看起来像肉桂。从遗传上来说，它仍然是一只显性银，尽管它看起来是伴性肉桂。黄化也将掩盖显性银的特征。一些显性银颜色可能渗透一种类似黄化肉桂的色调。在大多数情况下黄化可以完全完全掩盖显性银的颜色，因此就会出现黄化或者白脸黄化。派特也将掩盖许多可识别的特征，例如消除头盖骨（的颜色），掩盖飞羽的深色边缘和稀释中心。我已经知道当派特掩盖所有显性银的经典特征，一些线索可能会出现在鸟身上。当显银派特成年后嘴巴会变黑色，其他线索将可能是黑色的脚趾甲，如果正常的话，羽毛的深灰色斑点上会留下棕色痕迹。
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When there is not any Cinnamon undertones to the Dominant Silver coloration, or actual Cinnamon masking the traits, the coloration is more of a light silvery grey tone. Bear in mind that EACH bird of the Dominant Silver mutation can vary in coloration. Many times this can be seen within the clutch.
当没有任何肉桂潜在显性银色调中，或实际肉桂掩盖特点，（显银的）颜色更是一个浅银灰色的色调。记住，每只显性银的颜色都有所不同，这在巢中很常见到。
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When the Dominant Silver is a Pearl it may look like a Normal or Cinnamon Pearl when it first feathers, especially the hens. If the distinctive traits are not apparent then you will have to see if there are any changes as the bird molts. The dark grey/black areas of the pearl pattern will molt in brown.
当显性银是一只珍珠时，它第一次长出羽毛时可能看起来像一只原始或者肉桂珍珠，尤其是母鸟。如果独特的特征不明显，那么必须看看鸟在换羽时是否有任何变化，珍珠图案的深灰色/黑色区域会换羽蜕变成棕色。
The center of the wing flights will get more diluted looking with each molt. The black is replaced with chocolate brown. At first glance the bird can be mistaken to be a Cinnamon Pearl. If it is a cock, he will get a scalloped or spangled pattern to his back.
羽翼中心会随着每次换羽变得看起来更淡，黑色被巧克力棕色代替。乍一看会被误认为是一只肉桂珍珠，如果是一只公鸟的话，背部会有扇形或小闪亮点图案。
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A Normal Single Factor Dominant Silver (SFDS) and an Emerald look very similar which can make it harder to distinguish between the two mutations. When in doubt it is best to test breed the bird. Dominant Silver is a dominant mutation, thus when paired with a normal there should be at least 1-2 visual offspring. Emerald is a recessive mutation, meaning both birds must carry the gene to produce visual offspring. When paired with a Normal, if the bird is an Emerald there will be no visual offspring.
一只正常的单基因显性银（单显银SFDS）和绿宝石看起来非常相似，这使得很难区分这两种突变，当存在疑问时最好测试这只鸟的繁殖情况。显性银是一种显性突变，因此当与原始配对时应至少有1-2个（显银）视觉后代。绿宝石是隐性突变，意味着公母鸟都必须携带基因才能产生（绿宝石）视觉后代。如果鸟是绿宝石，与原始配对将不会有视觉后代。
【喂鸡小哥说】以上问题可能是针对两三年的成年鸟来讲的，实际上单显银幼鸟和绿宝石幼鸟是很容易区分的。
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During the early 2000’s it was the trend of breeders that worked with the rarer color mutations to try and get as many color combinations on the Dominant silver as possible. The end resulted in making it harder to recognize what the mutation was. Shown are some examples of birds that are visually showing Dominant Silver and another mutation such as Emerald or recessive silver. Emerald shares many of the same visual identifying traits as Dominant Silver.
在2000年初的时候，繁育者的趋势是利用稀有的颜色突变，试图在显性银身上得到尽可能多的颜色组合。结果导致更难辨认出是什么突变。如图所示例子是视觉显性银以及其他突变如绿宝石和隐性银。绿宝石和显性银有很多共同的视觉识别特征。
【喂鸡小哥说】近几年从国外引进的一些绿宝石和显银，大多是成年鸟，很多时候出现一些绿宝石配了原始后代出现单显银的情况，那是因为这类鸟本身就是一个绿宝石显银，只是显银的特征被绿宝石稀释或覆盖了，因此表现不出显银的特征。所以绿宝石显银是比较难分辨的。
When Recessive Silver and Dominant Silver are visually showing on the bird, if you do not know the background of the bird it can easily be mistaken to be a fallow.
当隐性银和显性银直观地显示在鸟身上，如果你不知道鸟的背景，很容易误认为是华乐。
【喂鸡小哥说】这种容易误认为是华乐的情况，主要体现在双显银隐银上。
When working with the Dominant Silver the best results are obtained from pairings with Normal or Normal Whiteface with no splits to Pearl, Pied, Cinnamon or Lutino. Try to breed out any splits so that you work backwards towards the true basic mutation. In doing so,I have also found that an added bonus in doing this is that the offspring that are not visual Dominant Silver, are Normals and good to hold back. They will be one step closer to a Normal or Normal Whiteface with no splits. The color of the normal offspring will be darker, with a dark band across the chest, and very dark to black feet and beaks.
繁育显性银，最好的后代是通过与不带珍珠、派特、肉桂或黄化基因的原始或白脸原始配对获得。尝试培育出任何分裂基因（突变），这样你就能朝着真正的基本突变努力。在这样做的过程中，我还发现一个额外的好处是，那些后代不是视觉显银而是原始的，可以很好地保存下来，（因为）它们更接近不带基因的原始或白脸原始。【喂鸡小哥说】想得到一只基因纯的原始，是挺难的。原始后代的颜色会更深，胸部有一条深色带子，脚和喙是接近黑色的深颜色。
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【喂鸡小哥说】图49内容直译过来该鸟是隐银单显银，但我个人看法是，隐银肯定是隐银，但显银就没看懂了。我在下面附上两张威峰鸟舍的【隐银单显银】供大家参考，欢迎大家来讨论。
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【喂鸡小哥说】奶油脸，即国内所说的金冠
