IG 地理期末不完全临考突击指南（建议今天看完）
Reference is also similar to A1 version.
But for you, the key is "key questions".
Of course, if you took active notes in class, it will be your secret weapon to beat down the monster named final exam.
Just to remind you, read carefully before you answer the questions. There will be an hour and a half for you tomorrow afternoon to finish the exam paper.
Do not explain when it asks you to describe.
Do not explain when it asks you to describe.
Do not explain when it asks you to describe.
Here we go.
我(lai)们(bu)倒(ji)着(jie)来(shi)复(shang)习(che)
如果我们从“经济发展”看起，有一个贯穿各个章节的主线就是“employment”（雇佣关系／工作／就业／职业）。
在MEDC会有更多的服务性岗位，也就是第三产业从业人员，在我国这样的LEDC则相对有更多的制造业工人，即第二产业从业者，在柬埔寨这类国家，则有非常多的农民。
联系我们学到的3.3，我们或许会开始思考为什么MEDC会把制造业的工作搬到LEDC？为什么有那么多made in China?
如果我们去建立一家企业或管理一个工厂，我们会如何选址？什么情况下要靠近原料或燃料？什么时候要有更充足的廉价劳动力？什么时候需要一小撮高智商的人在一个环境优美的地方？什么时候要选择尽量减少运输的成本，在市场附近布局？
在学习3.2的时候，我们学会区分自给自足的农业与商业化的农业，今儿开始考虑农业大规模机械化是不是会给农民带来危机？农业的产量与类型为什么会因时而异、因地而异？
当我们比较农业与工业的时候，我们又不免要将两者做一个比较，为什么农业没有工业稳定？
而在第一节我们就学过生产链分为四类，农业属于第一产业，工业属于第二产业，它们两者之间的变化关系与经济发展有什么关系？
3.3 Industry
1. What are the stages of an industrial system?
Industrial systems and types
You need to extract ideas from Fig.1(P193) to connect with your real life to write an example to show that you know the system well.
For example, the manufacturing of automobiles need labour(workers) to do the assesmbly parts in the processes so that they can have a car for sale. When they have sold the cars to consumers, they will have profit for reinvestment which may result in recuriting more workers.
exercise:
compare:
a. heavy industry and light industry
b. processing and assembly industries and high-tech industry
2. What are the factors influencing the distribution and locations of factories and industrial zones?
Factors affecting the location of industry
When deciding where to put a company, there are four aspects to be considered:
location- least cost/ highest profit
scale of production
methods of organisation
the product or range of products manufactured
Industrial agglomeration
industrial estates
the changing location of manufacturing
case study: Bangalore
3.2 Food production
A quick tip,we had this before:
🌍GEO-IGCSE More | 🍜🍚🍝 Food comes first
So I am going to skip this part.
3.1 Development
So as for this topic, we need to remind ourselves of the big theme:
Theme 3 Economic Development
That is to say, this is a miniature of your IG subject: economics.
So keep in mind it is all about 💰
This topic we have 7 key questions, so I do not need to stress the role it play when we are having the exam.
But the 7 questions can be catergorized into 2 concepts.
Measuring economic development
If you take a look at the titles with dots, either within or between countries, when we are measuring the economic inequalities, we need to keep in mind the indicators, because this time the requirement is explanation:
GNP, Literacy, life expectancy, infant mortality...
——they corresponds to four questions:
how much money does your country have; how many people can read and write; how long will you live; can the new born babies grow up safely?
HDI means more than money, it cares human.
While we shall also admit there are many stereotypes of the so-called western world, we need to analyse Fig3 and Fig4 on page 164 and 165 respectively.
What I am saying is that the Figure 3 is scientific model, while the results shoed in Fig4 maybe outdated.
Here is an easy version of Fig3 model.
Source_ https://mhsaphuge1.wikispaces.com/Economic+Models
Gini coefficient
I bet you know better than me on this graphic since it is definitely included in economics.
Search Gini coefficient you will get dozens of pictures.
But I want to remind you in geography examination, you may encouter more graphs or charts in this way:
Search Gini coefficient China you will get dozens of pictures in this way for your homework fun, or we say IELTS writing task1.
See, you have met a new work-out(another name for exercise):
Describe the trend of China's economic equalities since 1997.
After we get along a theory of regional disparities named cumulative causation, spending time on Figure 10 and Figure 11 on Page 169, we will go to a small scale when we are analyzing
Factors affecting inequalities within countries
residence
ethincity and employment
(tips: formal sector-jobs like william gets;
informal sector- like me as a part-time teacher)
education
landownership
Then we have a textbook case in Brazil, do not ignore the Figure16 on Page 172. And can you as a geography student and a Chinese citizen, come up with a similar model between East China and West and Central China.
The big part of this topic goes to classify production into different economic sectors.
primary sectors, like farming, fishing, more in 3.2
secondary sectors, like manufactures, assembly of computers, more in 3.3
tertiary sectors, like supermarket you go to buy snacks, just at your service
quaternary sectors, we use high-tech to provide information and expertise for making wiser decision. In normal words, the R&D center.
You need to master the skill of interpreting your idea with a diagram and examples in supportive complete sentences with details.
As for this time, we are not paying too much attention to various employment structure in triagular chart (Fig23), just focus on the line graph(Fig22,P174).
Globalisation🌍🌎亚洲
TNC needs to be clarified and you can also give examples for it.
Then we need to know the role of technology from four parts- transport, communication, diffussion and internet.
As for some phenomenon, we need to make sure we know the causes and impacts from different scales.
And as they are all connected, the local-national-global is not isolated. But do not confuse the three when answering some specfic question.
Now we move to the natural part.
Theme 2 The Natural Environment
2.5 Climate and natural vegetation
当我们开始思考气候与植被之间的关系，我们要先学会看图，比如年降水量气温变化图（气温曲线图和降水量柱状图）。
当我们得到了每个月的平均气温和降水量，应该用小学的数学公式就可以计算出年平均降水量了吧，用小学看图说话的能力就能判断出什么季节是雨季，什么季节是旱季，哦，有的热带沙漠气候可能根本没有降水。
在学习2.5的过程中，集中于热带的两种典型气候。我们从降水和气温出发判读气候类型之后，还需要看到这样的气候主要分布在什么位置，有哪些具体区域（绝对位置：纬度范围+相对位置：国家与大洲），进而去举出具体的典型植被。
2.3 Coasts
其实对于海岸,我们最直观的感受就是要么是跳下去还不会死的悬崖峭壁，没错，这是主要是因为海蚀作用(erosion)；另一个就是看潮起潮落的沙滩，没错，这主要是因为海积作用(deposition)。
当问到海边的悬崖或沙滩的形成与特征时，我们需要先描述特征再开始分析。而这些自然力量的影响，其实也逐渐在受到我们人类活动的干预。比如海平面的上升，在思考哪些活动会加剧海岸线变化的同时，这一部分值得思考的内容还有海岸管理的措施及其带来的后果（Table 6, P135）。
When you get to know about the marine processes, you need to be aware of erosion and deposition(Fig6) with the typical cliff and bars/spits(Fig12).
The landform needs to be clarified of the causes. Although this part is more with natural effect, but there is no way to ignore human activities in managing sea level rise. Thus the Table 6 provides perfect examples to illustrate different forms of coastal management with positive and negative consequences.
Well, may the force be with you!