一课一题一语法：新概念英语第2册第75课
【往期回顾】
1. If he _goes_ (go) there next week, I _will go_ (go) with him.
2. Listen! She _is singing_ (sing) next door, but she never _sings_ (sing) at this time of the day.
【本期内容】
下面我们继续本周《新概念英语2》第75课的重点句型或语法的分享。先来读一读课文：
一、课文原文
Lesson 75 SOS
When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.
大家可以从下面购买《新概念英语》第二册的官方教材：
大家也可以扫描下面的二维码，到同济大学出版官方微店购买配套的教材解析、同步练习和阶段测试卷：
本课主要是复习第3课、第27课和第51课所学的一般过去时的内容。
（一）构成方式
一般过去时的基本构成方式为：
主语 + was/were + 其他成分
主语 + did + 其他成分
（二）基本用法
1、表过去某个特定时间或时期发生的动作或所处的状态。如：
He watched a film yesterday. She was in the village for the summer holiday last year.
2、表过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，此时句子里常用always、never等频度副词。如：
I usually played in the woods near our house.
They were never keen on science fictions.
（三）动词过去式的变化规则
1、直接+ed，如：worked, rained, played。
【注意】
词尾ed的发音遵循“清清浊元浊”的原则，即：
1）如果动词是以清辅音结尾，ed读作清辅音/t/。
2）如果动词是以浊辅音或元音结尾，ed读作浊辅音/d/。
3）但是，在以t或d结尾的动词后面，ed读作/ɪd/。如：wanted, scolded。
2、在以不发音的e结尾的动词后面，直接+d。如：lived, liked。
【注意】
此时动词末尾的ed的发音，也遵循“清清浊元浊”的规则。比如：live是以浊辅音/v/结尾的，所以ed也读作浊辅音/d/；而like是以清辅音/k/结尾的，所以ed也读作清辅音/t/。要注意在以-te或-de结尾的动词后面，e和d一起读作/ɪd/，如：rated, faded。
3、在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后面，先改y为i，再+ed。如：study - studied, cry - cried。
【注意】
此时动词末尾的ed的发音，也遵循“清清浊元浊”的规则。比如：study和cry末尾都是元音，所以ed读作浊辅音/d/。原先的元音字母y还是保留单词原形时的发音。
4、在以重读闭音节结尾的动词后面，先双写最后一个辅音字母，再+ed。如：shop - shopped, padded。
【注意】
此时动词末尾的ed的发音，也遵循“清清浊元浊”的规则以及以t或d结尾的动词后面的ed的发音规则。
5、不规则
be - was/were sit - sat swim - swam
have - had run - ran write - wrote
do - did make - made grow - grew
go - went lose - lost come - came
take - took shoot - shot buy - bought
（四）标志词
1、yesterday系列
如：yesterday, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, the day before yesterday。
The girl left Beijing yesterday.
2、last系列
如：last Friday, last month。
I met him on the street last night.
3、ago系列
如：five minutes ago, ten years ago。
Your father phoned you an hour ago.
4、in+过去年份
如：in 1995, in the 1980s。
He came to the city in 1989.
5、this系列
this系列既可以表过去，也可以表将来。具体表什么时间，要视this系列的时间相对于说话时的时间早晚而定。比如，如果现在是下午时间，这时我们再说今天上午，那么这个上午就是过去时间。
I saw you in the park this morning.
6、短语系列
常见的有：just now, the other day, once upon a time。
The plane landed at the airport just now.
（五）句型转换
She drank some coffee after lunch yesterday.
1、否定句
She did not drink any coffee after lunch yesterday.
2、一般疑问句及其回答
- Did she drink any coffee after lunch yesterday?
- Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
What did she drink after lunch yesterday?
三、一课一题
根据本课的复习内容，让我们来练一练吧，请根据句子的前后文，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Her father _______ (buy) a new car last week.
2. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives the other day?
3. It _______ (be) Ben's birthday today.
4. She likes ________ newspapers, but she _______ a book yesterday. (read)
5. He ______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
6. They _________ (make) a lot of money in the 1980s.
7. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)
8. She ______ (be) a pretty girl. Look! She ______ (do) Chinese dances.
9. The student often ________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.