永续耕种设计原理 | 能量循环 （中英文对照）
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良好的设计，在意于使用基地上所产生的自然能源，并能确保完整的能量循环。——比尔·莫里森
6. Energy Cycling
6. 能量循环
The sixth Permaculture Design principle is 'Energy Cycling’.
第六个永续设计原则是“能源循环”。
This design principle is concerned with the recycling of energy by capturing, storing and using energy on site.
这个设计原则涉及到能源的循环利用，通过现场捕获、储存和使用能源。
In Nature, when energy is cycled, living systems grow. For example, when leaves fall from deciduous trees in autumn, they decompose, providing a nutrient and an energy source to microbes, insects and other plants. As a result, life in this system grows and multiplies. The new plants and insects will eventually reach the end of their lives, and the nutrients will go back into the soil, starting the next cycle of new life. If additional leaves are blown in by the wind from another location, they too will be added to the resources in this location and the living systems will grow even more.
在自然界中，当能量循环时，生命系统就会成长。例如，秋天落叶树的叶子会分解，为微生物、昆虫和其他植物提供养分和能量来源。结果，这个系统中的生命不断增长和繁殖。新的植物和昆虫最终会到达它们生命的尽头，营养物质会回到土壤中，开始新生命的下一个循环。如果额外的树叶被风从另一个地方吹进来，它们也会被添加到这个地方的资源中，生物系统会长得更多。
In our Permaculture designs, we seek to capture energy to increase the growth of our living systems, and set in place cycles which will perpetuate life.
在我们的永续文化设计中，我们寻求捕捉能量来增加我们生命系统的成长，并设置使生命延续的循环。
The strategy here is to take energies flowing through a site and to divert them into 'cycles’ to allow them to be utilised to ultimately increase the available energy on the site.
这里的策略是让能量流过一个地点，并将它们转化为“循环” ，使它们能够被利用，最终增加该地点的可用能量。
In energy cycling:
在能源循环中:
we recycle the 我们回收energies present on the site 能量存在于现场 that would otherwise flow out of the system 否则就会流出系统
we capture and store 我们捕捉并储存 incoming energies 输入能量, coming onto our site from external sources ，来到我们的网站从外部来源
Here are some examples of energy cycling, where we capture, store, and recycle energy to build up resources on site:
这里有一些能源循环的例子，我们可以捕获、储存和回收能源，在现场建立资源:
incoming 'wild’ energies such as wind and sun are captured to generate electricity 不断涌入的“野生”能源，如风能和太阳能，被捕获用于发电
fallen leaves are gathered to be used for mulch or compost 落叶被收集起来用作护根或堆肥
kitchen scraps and waste are used to make compost or feed worms in a 厨房废料和垃圾被用来制作堆肥或喂养蠕虫在一个worm farm 蠕虫农场
domestic greywater is directed into the garden to provide water and nutrient to trees 家庭灰水被引入花园，为树木提供水分和养分
green manures crops are grown and cut down when they begin to flower, and are then dug into the soil to enrich it and add organic matter 绿色肥料作物在开花时被种植和砍伐，然后被挖入土壤以增加肥料和有机物质
animal manure are composted and used for fertiliser, or used to produce biogas, which can serve as a source of fuel 动物粪便被堆肥并用作肥料，或者用来生产沼气，沼气可以作为燃料来源
rainwater is captured and stored at an elevated position such as a hillside so it doesn’t require energy to pump it to a downhill location where it is required 雨水被收集并储存在一个高处，比如山坡上，这样就不需要能量将雨水抽到需要的下坡位置
The Nature of Energy
能源的本质
Energy in every system follows a very predictable pattern, and physics describes one of these patterns as The Second Law of Thermodynamics, or the Law of Increased Entropy.
每个系统中的能量都遵循一个非常可预测的模式，物理学将其中的一个模式描述为热力学第二定律或熵增定律。
This law states that energy decreases over time by changing from usable energy, which is used in the processes of growth and repair, into unusable energy. Once the energy changes to unusable form, we cannot recover it. Entropy is a measure of unusable energy, so increasing entropy simply means that the amount of unusable energy is increasing.
这个定律指出，能量随着时间的推移而减少，从生长和修复过程中使用的可用能量变成不可用的能量。一旦能量变成不能使用的形式，我们就无法恢复它。熵是对不可利用能量的度量，所以熵的增加仅仅意味着不可利用能量的增加。
Energy Cycling and the Water Cycle – A Practical Example
能量循环与水循环——一个实例
This process can be simply illustrated through the example of rainwater harvesting.
这个过程可以通过雨水收集的例子简单地说明。
When the water is high in the atmosphere as clouds, it has a very high potential energy, that is energy that can be used to perform work. 当水在大气层中以云的形式存在时，它有一个非常高的势能，这个势能可以用来做功
As the rain falls, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, that is movement. 下雨时，势能转化为动能，即运动能
If the rainwater flows into a dam in an elevated location, the remaining potential energy is captured and stored, and can be used to perform work. 如果雨水流入高架位置的大坝，剩余的势能就会被收集并储存起来，可以用于工作
The work performed is to supply a house and farm downhill with water. Since the water flows with gravity, it runs to the house on its own without the need to be pumped there. 所做的工作是向山下的房子和农场提供水。由于水是由重力作用流动的，所以它自己流向房子，不需要在那里用泵抽水
When the water reaches the house, it can only flow into the ground as greywater or irrigation water, and can no longer perform work for us. 当水到达房子时，它只能以灰水或灌溉用水的形式流入地面，不能再为我们工作了
With the sun shining, its solar energy is used by the plants and trees to draw water up some of the water from the ground (this is basically a solar pump), where it is released back into the atmosphere by transpiration from the leaves of plants and trees as water vapour. 在阳光的照耀下，植物和树木利用太阳能从地面吸收一些水分(这基本上是一个太阳能泵) ，通过植物和树木的叶子作为水蒸气的蒸腾作用，将水分释放回大气中
Atmospheric water vapour regathers to form clouds and starts the whole cycle once again. 大气中的水蒸气再生形成云层，再次开始整个循环
BUT, if the additional energy from the sun did not pump the water back into the air, the water would have settled at the lowest point in the ground, where all its potential energy would have been used up, this is the position of maximum entropy, where all the energy is unusable.
但是，如果来自太阳的额外能量没有把水泵回到空气中，水就会沉积在地面的最低点，在那里它所有的势能都会被消耗殆尽，这就是熵值最大的位置，在那里所有的能量都无法使用。
Energy Cycling and Living Systems
能源循环与生命系统
When any energies moving through the system, they will naturally reduce due to entropy. if they are 'cycled’ to store the energy and contribute to growing living systems, then it does not matter that the usable energy has decreased. If we capture rainwater, sunlight, kitchen scraps and animal manure and use them to grow an orchard, the energy is then stored in the fruit trees.
当任何能量通过这个系统时，它们自然会由于熵而减少。如果它们“循环”来储存能量并促进生命系统的生长，那么可用能量的减少就无关紧要了。如果我们收集雨水、阳光、厨房废料和动物粪便，然后利用它们建立果园，这些能量就会被储存在果树里。
In Summary
总结
Nature itself is a vast and hugely complex recycling system that transforms matter and energy constantly form one form into another. If we can recreate these natural cycles in our Permaculture designs, we can let them operate on their own in a very energy efficient manner to capture energy and nutrients to build and further grow the living systems on the site we are designing. Through long term capture and storage of energy, the natural systems will progressively grow to enhance the site naturally, which is exactly how Nature does it!
大自然本身是一个庞大而极其复杂的循环系统，它不断地将物质和能量从一种形式转化为另一种形式。如果我们能在我们的永续设计中重现这些自然循环，我们就可以让它们以一种非常节能的方式自行运作，以获取能量和营养物质，在我们正在设计的场地上建造和进一步发展生物系统。通过对能量的长期捕获和储存，自然系统将逐渐增长以自然地提高场地，这正是大自然所做的！
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